Well, here's where you open yourself up. Distance measurements benefit from longer baselines. The biggest one we have now is about 2AU wide. Take a picture now, wait 6 months, take a picture again when the earth is on the opposite side of the sun. If we have a base on mars, we can have a slightly wider baseline with earth and mars on opposite sides of the sun for a simultaneous measurement (can't do that now at all) and two martian orbital radii for non-simulataneous measurements about a year apart.
Now you might say: well why can't we do this with a remote probe? And the answer is, of course we can, but it's damn near impossible to be flexible if you launch a satellite into space where you can't get at it to change instruments or reconfigure it. And big mirrors in space aren't anywhere near as easy as big mirrors on the ground. That's why we still build billion-dollar telescopes on the ground, even though we launch billion-dollar telescopes into space. If you had an actual base on mars, with support staff and manufacturing capacity of the sort needed to maintain a remote outpost, you can now have astronomical instrumentation that costs just as much as a space-based platform or a little more, but is worth dozens of space telescopes because it's manned and has the magical property of reconfigurability, repairability, and flexibility in software as well as hardware. So yes, you can do things with manned systems that you cannot do with unmanned systems, especially when you're doing science.