Not all contributions / sacrifice are equivalent. There *is* something different about putting one's own life on the line. And the reason military service is considered in such high regard today is that for many years of very recent history putting on the uniform included a high probability of a combat deployment.

That said, even in a time of peace there is some risk. Military personnel die in training. Plus there is the ever present chance that a war will occur. One of my high school teachers joined the Marines during peacetime and a couple of years later found himself fighting on Guadalcanal, short on ammo, short on food, short on support from the Navy, and ordered to hold his position at all costs.

Many people find themselves in terrible dangerous situations and rise to the occasion, but soldiers, police, fireman, etc volunteer for such risks knowingly. Volunteering to go into harms way is a little different from accidentally finding ones self in harms way. Are these people exclusively in uniform, no, for example there were civilians that safely made it out of the world trade center but went back in to help others. That is another example of volunteering to go into harms way.

The GP's point stands. That first digital copy does seem like fair use and a hypothetical second copy does not change this.

Besides, note in the summary "can only be accessed on dedicated terminals in the library itself". The app dedicated to accessing the database and displaying the book can simply not implement copy/paste. You won't be connecting your laptop to the library network and accessing the database.

That said, its likely the digitized text will get out somehow.

Of course, that was my point a couple posts up. :-) One needs to know the basis and the value at the time of trade. I was only objecting to the notion that the customer is selling the coins and using fiat currency. It seems more of a barter and of course one needs to know the value of the object being bartered for tax purposes.

I wanted to point out that the sale takes place at the exchange to emphasize the conveniences and lack of risk in such systems. The merchant prices and does all their accounting in fiat, just as they always have. They merely transmit a fiat amount to the exchange. The exchange does the conversion and transmits back to the merchant an equivalent bitcoin amount and a bitcoin payment address. This address is the merchants. The exchange receives the coins and credits the merchant's account with the exact fiat amount originally specified. There is no risk to the merchant of price fluctuations.

Its the simplicity and lack of risk in such systems that makes bitcoin acceptance more and more common.

What this is about is Bitcoin replacing PayPal, at least as a transaction processor, a transfer mechanism. As it is PayPal is basically doomed.

What PayPal is doing is trying to switch to a new business model. Become a bitcoin exchange converting USD/EUR/etc to and from Bitcoin, and also become an online Bitcoin wallet. However as an exchange or online wallet PayPal will be one of many. They won't be the 800-lb gorilla they once were.

Not necessarily. If they are aged enough to be long term one may want to hold on to them. Spending long term assets may be something that you want to occur as an exceptional case, a manual selection, not a default automatic policy. Timing the loss is sometimes a strategic decision.

Plus if they are approaching an age where they will convert from short to long term assets one may want to hold on to them.

Again, possibly best to be a manual selection not an automatic default. For example it would be regrettable to see a long term gain offset a short term loss. Better to use a short term gain to offset a short term loss.

There are no one-size-fits-all rules as to when to spend a particular asset. There are always external and strategic circumstances to consider.

Its not really that simple either. For example LIFO (last in first out) has the advantage that it helps accumulate long term gains. So applying LIFO within the current short term gains helps a particular coin age and move from the short term to long term. Also one might want to be selective about when long term gains are spent. Again, LIFO is useful in this respect in that it prefers to spend short term.

In short LIFO may be a good default policy, maximizing and preserving the long term gains. A policy that can be overridden on that special day when one wants to cash in the long term gains.

In common scenarios the merchant uses a bitcoin exchange as an intermediary, as a payment processor. The customer never sees or touches a fiat currency (dollars, euros, etc), they only see bitcoins. The merchant never sees or touches a bitcoin, they only see fiat currency. Its only the exchange, a third party, that sells the bitcoins for fiat. The exchange accepts bitcoins from the customer and sends fiat to the merchant.

Software could automatically apply a LIFO or FIFO scheme to the coins and calculate their basis when coins are spent or sold. See http://yro.slashdot.org/commen....

If I understand things correctly, the tricky part is that you realize a taxable gain when you spend your bitcoins. Not merely when you sell them. Buy a coffee, remember to calculate and report your gain.

A recent IRS advisory said virtual currency is to be treated as an assent not a currency. So lets say you receive some bitcoins. At some future date you spend these bitcoins. Since these bitcoins are an asset you have to account for their gain or loss in value for the days you held them an declare a loss or gain on your taxes. In short spending bitcoins has the paperwork overhead of selling stocks, its not like spending dollars at all.

Ex. You buy one coin at $500 and another at $600. Coins are priced at $800 at the time of a future purchase. You buy something for $1,200, 1.5 coins. Using FIFO (first in first out) your basis for the outgoing 1.5 coins is $500 + $300 = $800, and the basis for the returning 0.5 coins is still $300. You experienced a gain of $400 on the 1.5 coins at the time of the sale and that $400 would seem to be taxable income.

Using LIFO (last in first out) your basis for the 1.5 outgoing is $600 + $250 = $850. You experienced a gain of $350.

Apologies if I botched the math, hopefully the point gets across.

A possible advantage of LIFO is that you are spending "newer" coins first. Letting your "older" coins continue to age. If you hold these "older" coins for a year or more then they may have an advantage of being taxed at a lower rate when spent or sold.

And of course you can use any scheme to determine which coins are being used in a transaction, you are not limited to LIFO/FIFO. They are just convenient examples.

My understanding is that LLVM is skipping various "legacy" platforms. 16-bit x86 came to mind but when I googled it I found that Intel is actually working on 16-bit x86 support. Some boot loaders and emulators apparently use 16-bit code.

I was going to make a snarky Z80 comment but when reading the 16-bit Intel thread I found another potential snarker discovered that a Z80 backend for LLVM exists.

Where the LLVM devs may have no interest it seems the legacy communities or other parties may step in.

While there is no technical reason not to use LLVM I expect it won't be very popular with the GNU Hurd users.

With respect to a single match.

Now if his DNA shows up on multiple ripper victims then DNA can be good for determining culpability.

Evacuate 20 miles from the expected point of impact. Its not a dinosaur-killer, its much smaller than the meteor crater object. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/s...

Unless you are converting ice to fuel what energy is that? Kinetic energy, a glancing impact sending you off on some vector (pool table physics)?

The meteor crater impact (160 foot object) is believed to have killed everything within about 2 miles, killed half of everything out to about 8 miles, ...
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/s...

I believe that in general water impacts are considered more dangerous. Unlike air, water will transmit the energy over greater distances and the tsunami can do more damage than an impact itself.

Thermite grenades, small amounts of ordinary plastic explosives, even pistols for electronics ... sometimes the old ways are best.

Forget the James Bond movie gizmos, that only works in Hollywood.

My Dad spent some time in armored cavalry as both a blacksmith/welder and as a driver. I'm going to have to ask him how much damage he could do with a mechanic's ball been hammer and a couple of minutes.