I'm sorry you've had such a negative experience.
But, there is more review/moderation to actions than you might suspect unless you've spent some time on the site.
Unfortunately, it can be all too common to get "knee-jerk" downvotes or [less common] votes-to-close, usually by people that don't have the domain experience to know whether a question can be improved/fixed (e.g. a python programmer downvotes/closes a C language question based on a cursory examination of the question--it happens).
I'll upvote questions that have been DV'ed if I see "itchy trigger fingers". A DV is -2 rep points, but a single upvote is a +10. So, not as big a deal for rep points. But, users without sufficient rep can only see the net total of upvotes/downvotes and not the number of upvotes vs downvotes. So, you might see a net count of -1, but not know that it got 3 downvotes but got 2 upvotes (i.e. there was a disagreement amongst the voters). OP's rep points would actually go up: ((-2) + (-2) + (-2)) + ((+10) + (+10)) for a net gain of +14.
If I see a question that has been closed, as a dup. Or "lacking in detail" and the question is perfectly answerable by someone with specific domain expertise [e.g. I can answer it], I'll vote to reopen. And, fight to get an answer for the OP (original poster).
While there isn't a review queue for downvotes, there is a review queue for close votes [particularly, if someone has voted to reopen the question].
And, I'm perfectly willing to flag snide comments to moderators. I did that for a commenter that was unfairly hammering an OP with abusive comments. I checked the commenter's profile immediately and, again, next day. Apparently, there was a history of such abuse as the commenter got a one year suspension from SO within that 24 hour period. This is the maximum penalty short of account deletion, reserved for repeated offenses. The commenter would have been warned multiple times, both on the site and in email, and have received shorter suspensions in the past.
If a question needs work (it is missing necessary code or needs a better statement of the problem that the code is trying to solve, etc.), I'll frequently post comments with edit suggestions or ask clarifying questions (always politely), rather than downvote/close.
If a responder posts an incomplete/invalid/bad answer to a question, it gets the same [or worse] scrutiny/process as the question, including comments, downvotes, forced edits, and [sometimes] deletions. Mostly a comment under the answer and the responder will fix/improve the answer.
Frequently, with a bad answer, there is a comment pointing out the error, and the responder will voluntarily delete the answer if they feel they can't fix it.
Or, the responder [after rereading the question] realizes that the answer they gave doesn't answer the question or doesn't answer it "well enough" and they will self delete the answer. Sometimes within minutes of posting it.
Without sufficient rep points, most viewers can't see these deleted answers, but there are more of them than you might believe.
Not all OPs are created alike. And, sometimes this can be frustrating for [potential] responders.
Some OPs respond and edit their questions and provide the needed/requested info. I (and many others) will repeat the process until the question becomes good/answerable and the OPs do get useful/valid answers [sometimes in comments if the solution is simple enough]. It is [can be] a collaborative process between OP and responders to improve the question and get OP the answer they want/need.
However, some OPs just go "radio silent" when they are asked for clarification.
Some get argumentative (e.g.):
What do you mean I need to post more code? The three lines I've given you are enough to answer my question!
Although I remain polite and continue to try to be positive/helpful, there are times when I'd like to say: "If you knew what information was needed, you wouldn't need to post a question here". But ... Such a response would [probably] be a violation of SO's code-of-conduct, so I don't do that. But, sometimes I am thinking that.
So, some OPs can frustrate responders.
If enough time passes [a few hours], and the OP has not responded, or ignores repeated requests [by multiple responders] to edit the question and provide info/clarification, or becomes abusive, then, yes, the question will be downvoted and/or closed [or for _extreme_ cases, flagged to moderators].
And, in certain cases, by that point, one of the closers could/would be me.