Before the prequels, it was originally a reference to Samuel Butler's late 19th century think piece about not letting machines dictate our decisions, and how that would inevitably lead to machine evolution, where the successful machines are the ones that get humans to make more machines and defer to their needs and logic. I don't think it was even explicitly about sentience, just that we'd create our own parasites.
So Dune had humans doing all the data analyses and making all decisions, with machines at least several steps away. There were also some hints of a Talmudic solution where operations that we'd use computation for were instead done by intricate mechanical devices. Apparently, the Orange Catholic god can't tell when you encode the logic to a physical process.