I miss Bell Labs. Elon is an eccentric billionaire who can do applied research on whatever he wants until he changes his mind, but Bell Labs was a first rate private research institution. Unix, transistors, cosmic background, lasers ..

Skype has real time translation of verbal communications and people in Eastern Europe know about it. I use it for verbal chats with Ukrainians because they can talk in russian or ukrainian and i can talk in English - pretty cool! For text chats, the translation in Telegram is a lot better.

What you need to remember is that NAT was invented long after IPv4, so when the Internet was young all the universities and other early players got huge public allocations and used them for all devices because at the time there was no such thing as a private address. I'm sure parts of MIT and other institutions have switched over to NAT, but I'm also sure there's a lot of "if it ain't broke.." thinking going on, especially since the early institutions have huge public blocks and aren't under any pressure to economize in their use of public addresses.