Right. Well. You raise some valid concerns - you may be interested in this read:
The Machinery of Freedom: A Guide to Radical Capitalism
by David D. Friedman
Amazon - http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0812 690699/
He's Milton's son and a professor of economics himself.
The book is extremely anarcho-capitalist and outlines what seem to me to be very workable approaches to solving many of the problems you outline without recourse to legislation...
As technology improves, we can effectively reduce the size of "the commons" and allow individuals access to courts to argue for damages due to things like loss of clean air, clean water, ozone layers, etc. The net effect would be economic tools for measuring harm to the commons and assigning "true" costs to consumption of resources previously considered "common".
(Aside: you also ignore currently-used "markets" in emissions, which have demonstrated an ability to efficiently allocate resources such as "pollution credits" to reduce pollution more effectively than command-and-control legislation)
If we accept, and Greenspan certainly does, that private property and the rule of law support economic growth, then an ability to assign and measure resource use would be a good thing.
And that's not the only issue Friedman has solutions for - chapters take on topics ranging from education to roadbuilding to national defense.