On most normal keyboards, you first press the ' key and then you press the e key.

To get the Window Menu provided by your window manager in Chrome you have to modify your settings and set Chrome to use the window manager to draw its window borders. Then it'll behave like any other application.

I would suggest Python. I have several years' experience of teaching computer programming to kids, and while it certainly is possible to use just any language for teaching, Python has three features that I see as essential for a good language for learners: The basic syntax is very straightforward and only a minimum of boilerplate code is required; There is an interactive execution environment so that expressions can be evaluated immediately; The language can be and is indeed used for serious "real world" programs.