I'm a developer that's worked with HOA management for a decade. I've developed an HOA-specific web CRM (MySQL/MariaDB based) that can help with what you need (extractable data available in various formats through web portals that you can put into Excel or any of the GIS tools mentioned by other posters - Excel is my recommendation). There are also many commercial packages for HOA management (TOPS, AV, Yardee, Caliber come to mind) that can help with project tracking, but they tend to lock-in your data (the idea is that you're perpetually stuck using that software and can never get a DB dump), often aren't web based, and are usually too expensive for a single HOA.

But... the problem you'll encounter is that, unless you are willing to spend more money and personally have the discipline to constantly do the work to properly categorize each project (inspection, landscaping, plumbing, roofing, electrical, etc) and each update for each project in the CRM, which is a lot of additional work for you AND your vendors, neither your vendors nor your management company will do it for you. There's no ROI for them, and an 80-unit hands-on board with (self-admittedly) little money is too much hassle for too little return. What do they have to gain from this tracking except for board members trying to tell them how to do their job and hassling them about progress? If you're too much hassle, your vendors will drop you and move onto another community until the hands-on board members move out, are ousted, or quit in desperation and your HOA comes begging for management.

Your job as a board member is not "managing projects that happen around the community" as you say. It is to hire competent vendors and/or a management company that manage these project details and then let them do their job to get to the end result. There's an old adage about the cost of service "if you watch," "if you help," and "if you tell me how to do my job." When vendors bid on a project, most HOAs look for lowest cost, but some ask for the moon - to get the end result you seek (the value of which is dubious imo) you'll need to raise dues and pay your vendor/manager more to spend the extra time interacting with you. Do that first and then worry about which software to use.