It's simple algorithmic caching. You request a URL. It looks to see if it has a copy AND that the copy is recent enough (I don't know how long is enough but it's on the order of an hour). If so, it serves it to you itself. Otherwise it fetches it from the actual host and passes it on (retaining a copy for the cache).

I did a bit of looking and the DMCA explicitly calls out a difference. It also states that the cache must expire the content in a reasonable time after the HOST takes the material down.

Actually, the DMCA simply limits the amount of time a cache of content identified to be infringing may be held (that is, says they cannot become a de-facto host of the material). It defines the notification to be served when the host of the data takes it down. CloudFlare and other CDNs expire cache well wityhin that time.

In other words, the claimant must notify the HOST who then must take the data down. Any CDN must then let the cache expire.

So it's fairly exllicit who must be notified and who must do the take-down and it's not CloudFlare.

Military meals are designed with attention to the morale factor. Even the modern MRE is designed to help the soldier feel human in unfavorable surroundings. Apollo 10 was the first to officially test real bread. Gemini Astronauts smuggled aboard a kosher corned beef sandwich but it was stale and thus had too many crumbs which went airborne. By Apollo 10 it was discovered that nitrogen-flushed bread would stay fresh for 10 days. I'll have to try that.

I've heard tell that in Iceland, where the patronymics can be matronymics (?) - they just don't care - and then bastardy would have less of an impact, but I suppose the kids at school wouldn't be overly kind even in that kind of environment. "you've got no dad" But I haven't heard of many places like Iceland, anyway.

People like to pretend today that a lot of our western cultural mores aren't related to religion, but they are. We'd become accustomed to optimal nuclear family units and bastardy was considered more negative than when it was just a mechanism to make sure the 'right' heir got the land. In the Middle Ages, 'sport' was the term for going to the local whorehouse and having some fun, and nobles took it for granted that they could satisfy their lusts with whomever caught their eye.

They CACHE the data. That is, if they don't have an in-date cache of the requested resource, they fetch it from your actual hosting provider. Lawyers, judges, and congressmen can argue it out and decide if they are LEGALLY equivalent to a hosting provider but thus far, no such determination has been made.

Let's say I have a bunch of HTML and images I want to put on the web. So I call CloudFlare and ask them where do I upload them. They tell me I need to get a hosting provider first...

Actually, they are a cache. It actually does matter. If a hotel uses a web cache on it's network, is the hotel a hosting provider?

Of course it is. And it's a huge bargain because the USPS is operating at enormous losses, losing ~$8B per year.

We don't know because they're not allowed to, unless the letter is "urgent" (overnight or 2-day). I suspect that their prices wouldn't be much higher (if any) than USPS, at least for urban areas. They might even be lower. People who live in more rural areas (like me) would likely pay a bit more, but that seems fair, just part of the cost of rural living.

That's because it's illegal for them to use mailboxes or to deliver first-class residential mail, thanks to the government-guaranteed USPS monopoly on mail delivery.

That might work. While we're at it we should eliminate the monopoly and allow UPS and FedEx to compete with the USPS on all sorts of shipping, and remove all of the remaining subsidies. Let them all compete head to head on price and convenience, on a level playing field.

Or they don't want to be judge, jury, and executioner. Remember, they have not been told by a judge that the customer is infringing, it has simply been alleged. Since they are not the hosting provider, it is far from clear that they are at all responsible for following a DMCA notice.

They are not a publisher nor do they host content. The DMCA is properly sent to the actual hosting provider or the publisher.

Not to mention that a centrifuge is not a household appliance and so can demand a bit more from the user.

Walking across the floor is a lot different from jumping up and punching a hole in the wall and doing itself structural damage.

The old washers had a 'tilt switch' that would stop them if the load wasn't well balanced. The '80s and '90s models had motors too wimpy to get dangerous. The newest ones spin much faster and must take imbalances into account.

How about if it jumps up and puts a hole in the wall? That's what the washer did.

I have seen imbalanced centrifuges walk on the table before, but I've never seen one go airborne.

I think people are missing the basic concept of "fraud" and how it invalidates a contractual relationship. Probably a lesson worth learning before you keep getting unlubed penetration from companies for the rest of your life.

I never understood the concept of pre-order anyway. Why would I want to plunk down money for a game I haven't seen, months or weeks in advance? Are they going to run out of copies on release day? Maybe if it's really great, but very unlikely.