You are missing something. I don't blame you. Almost every description of quantum cryptography forgets to mention this step, and without it you are indeed vulnerable to a man in the middle attack.

The thing is, there is something similar to a one time pad but for authentication instead of encryption. See universal hashing. You authenticate your messages over the classical channel with universal hashing using a little bit of key generated from a previous round. Eve doesn't have this key so she cannot forge messages. Just like with one time pads you cannot reuse the key, but unlike one time pads you can authenticate large messages using a small key so you can make sure you lose less key material each round than you gain from running the protocol.

Yes, they are called bits or bytes. The entropy of your bedroom is simply the number of bytes you need to keep in your head to remember where everything is.

All I see on the excerpt page is a text describing that it is an excerpt, but there is no actual content. Do I win or lose?

Wow. That's like claiming that the only reason people want to escape from North Korea is that they are too cheap to pay their taxes.

NASA doesn't have to pay Big Media for any spot. All they have to do is copy their candidate screening process. If people spend endless hours watching unstable crazy people do boring things in a boring house but won't watch stable people do cool stuff in zero g orbiting our planet, the solution looks simple. Bring the crazies to orbit, and everyone will watch NASA TV.

Mod parent up, it is not a troll.

The headline says that they have detected the atmosphere, but the the actual article only claims that they have measured different temperatures on different sides of the planet. While that is a very impressive result, it is not at all what I would call detecting its atmosphere -- since the graphs in the article only show brightness it is not clear that surface is not made of cheese. The article does claim that it is a known gas planet, which I guess makes any temperature measurement of the planet a measurement of the temperature of its atmosphere, but the headline still sounds wrong. If I just measure the surface temperature of our moon I wouldn't claim to have detected regolith on the moon, even though we know from before that the moon surface is mostly regolith so technically I must have measured the temperature of the regolith.

I don't know if they did detect something more than what is stated in the article that actually has anything to do with the atmosphere. At the very least the atmosphere part of the headline needs some more explanation. A question seems very much in place.

Better yet, choose your software so that if the developers or support misbehaves and introduce bugs you can turn to anybody else, on a free market, without having to change to some different software. If Oracle misbehaves, not only can you not sue them in practice, but there is a good chance that you will still be stuck with them since changing to something else is too expensive. If you choose an open source solution you can always turn to someone else. The worst that can happen is that they will have to fork the code, but even that might not be needed.

Of course it is stuck in a prisoner's dilemma. So is everybody else on any type of market, and that is a good thing. Car manufacturers would make more money if they all doubled their prices, but they can't because of the prisoner's dilemma. Car buyers would get cheaper cars if they all refused to pay todays prices, but they can't because they are stuck in a prisoner's dilemma. In fact, market economy would not work if the participants were not stuck in prisoner's dilemmas. That is why there are laws against cartels and monopolies; they are ways for some actors to avoid the dilemma and set their own price based on just the buyers or sellers while ignoring their competition.

The FSF does not rely on copyright law. Free software is certainly possible without copyright. GNU GPL on the other hand relies on some sort of copyright, but it can be implemented with a far weaker copyright than the current one.

No, it's not faster than otp transported by courier. In both cases you have to transfer something with courier before you can start transmitting, and in both cases you can do that long before you want start transmitting so there is no lag when you decide to transmit. Also, in both cases you have to make sure your courier hasn't been mugged. With otp transported by courier you just have to make sure the pad has not been copied. With QKD you have to make sure both that the initial key has not been copied and that the device itself has not been tampered with.

No it can't. It requires an initial hand-couriered secure key before it can be used securely. The only difference is that the initial key can be smaller than the data you want to encrypt, but transporting huge amounts of data is easy enough that that's a pretty small advantage.

You are going to have to give a real example. If the tab delimited line looks like it is at the right indent level it will behave as if it is on the right indent level.

One problem some people seem to have is that they display a tab in some non-standard way, e.g. with a tab stop of four columns instead of the correct eight columns. Then identical looking code will indeed behave in different ways. But that problem is not unique to whitespace or to Python. If you have a file viewer that displays the character "q" as "f", then the words "foo" and "qoo" will look the same but behave differently in just about any language.

I thought that we had passed the era when all words looked cooler by prefixing them with "e-" a long time ago. In this case it doesn't just look silly, it also makes it very ambiguous.