In some cases this practice can lead to cultural associations that see a particular object as "male" or "female"--such as in medieval Latin the Church (ecclesia) is pretty consistently seen as female.
Accordingly, it becomes natural for some to assume that if a masculine word is used about something (e.g. God) then it implies that the object is male, even though grammatically that is not necessarily the case.
Neither of these cases have anything to do with noun class. The typological relationship that the New Testament sets up is that God is the Father (read: paterfamilias, for those acquainted with Roman legal structures) who has a fully grown Son (Jesus Christ) who is coming to claim the estate of his Father as the legal executor. In the process, he is using his legal authority to graft humanity into the family. This is most commonly expressed as a relationship of legal adoption (through baptism). But it is also expressed as a marriage relationship between Christ, as groom, and the church, as bride.
The association of male gender for God and female gender for the church has nothing to do with the case of the noun. It is entirely predicated by the topological relationship established in the New Testament. However, there is no claim that God is *actually* male. In fact, numerous theologians had argued this was not the case by the end of the 5th century. Likewise, the church is not *actually* female.
In the 20th century, a move arose to call God female in Christian churches. That it met with a moderate amount of success is not surprising considering the developing movement of feminism and the fact that God is not male or female, but is merely called male in a certain rhetorical domain. The counter-response to this movement which demands that God be called exclusively male arises out of a concern that such a move obscures the NT rhetorical relationships and therefore does actual damage to the text by injecting female pronouns for God. Wherever you might stand on such an argument, nobody is making the claim that God is actually male or female.
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