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Comment Re:But is it food. (Score 1) 342

Actually, our intestinal tract is that of a frugivore and shares no traits with mammals adapted to eating meat. The articles you linked are not scientific, and the Harvard article reads like a student paper in human evolution.

Evolutionary theory is the heart of what paleoanthropologists study, and there is no consensus among them about meat eating "making us human". Although some do make that claim, perpetuating the outdated logic of the "Man the Hunter/Man the Killer" theories of the '40s and '50s. Contrasting this, some modern scientists believe that the consumption of tubers was actually the energy source that led to increasing encephalization (brain enlargement) and gut reduction. Others argue it to be starches more broadly, and many effectively claim that any energy-dense food source would do the trick. The goal was simply reaching reproductive age after all, not avoiding cancer or reaching ripe old age in a healthy state.

The starch and tuber hypotheses used to get shot down because the earliest controlled use of fire didn't seem to emerge until relatively recently (200,000-400,000 years ago), and root starches require cooking in order to fulfill the kind of calorie counts that would have been necessary. With older and older dates emerging for human's control of fire (possibly as early as 1.7 million years ago), there is a growing belief that the development of cooking with heat in general was the key contributor to encephalization.

Anyone claiming that there is a scientific consensus on these matters simply isn't reading enough paleoanthropological literature. Every single dietary claim has been argued ferociously for decades. There are a few simple facts that no one seriously working in the field would argue however:

The human digestive system is that of a frugivore and has no specific biological gut adaptations that would be expected of a species that "evolved to eat meat". The same is true of our hominin ancestors. And based on dental calculus analysis and corprolite data, our ancestors ate shit-loads of plants.

Comment Re:We need to get with the times. (Score 1) 342

[citation needed]

Here are a few to start from. You can follow their references cited sections to thousands of related studies.

Associations between diet and cancer, ischemic heart disease, and all-cause mortality in non-Hispanic white California Seventh-day Adventists
Fraser 2009 Am J Clin Nutr September 1999 vol. 70 no. 3 532s-538s

Dietary Relationships With Fatal Colorectal Cancer Among Seventh-Day Adventists
Roland L. Phillips, M.D., Dr. P.H. David A. Snowdon, Ph.D., M.P.H. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 74, Issue 2, 1 February 1985, Pages 307–317

Coronary heart disease mortality among Seventh-Day Adventists with differing dietary habits: a preliminary report
Roland L. Phillips, Frank R. Lemon, W. Lawrence Beeson, and Jan W. Kuzma. Am J Clin Nutr October 1978 vol. 31 no. 10 S191-S198

Diet and Lung Cancer in California Seventh-day Adventists
Gary E. Fraser W. Lowrence Beeson Ronald L. Phillips. American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 133, Issue 7, 1 April 1991, Pages 683–693.

Association Between Reported Diet And All-Cause Mortality: Twenty-One-Year Follow-Up On 27, 530 Adult Seventh-Day Adventists
HAROLD A. Kahn Roland L. Phillips David A. Snowdon Warren Choi. American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 119, Issue 5, 1 May 1984, Pages 775–787.

Dietary and hormonal interrelationships among vegetarian Seventh-Day Adventists and nonvegetarian men.
B J Howie and T D Shultz. Am J Clin Nutr July 1985 vol. 42 no. 1 127-134

Animal product consumption and mortality because of all causes combined, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer in Seventh-day Adventists.
Snowdon. Am J Clin Nutr September 1988 vol. 48 no. 3 739-748.

Mortality Among California Seventh-Day Adventists for Selected Cancer Sites
Roland L. Phillips, M.D., Dr. P.H. Lawrence Garfinkel, M.A. J. W. Kuzma, Ph.D. W. Lawrence Beeson, M.S.P.H. Terry Lotz, M.S.P.H. Burton Brin, M.P.H. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 65, Issue 5, 1 November 1980, Pages 1097–1107.

Diet and Serum Cholesterol Levels A Comparison between Vegetarians and Nonvegetarians in a Seventh-day Adventist Group
RAYMOND O. WEST, M.D., M.P.H. and OLIVE B. HAYES, M.P.H.. Am J Clin Nutr August 1968 vol. 21 no. 8 853-862.

Cohort study of diet, lifestyle, and prostate cancer in adventist men
Mills, P. K., Beeson, W. L., Phillips, R. L. and Fraser, G. E. (1989), Cohort study of diet, lifestyle, and prostate cancer in adventist men. Cancer, 64: 598–604.

Comment Re:But is it food. (Score 1) 342

Insulin is over-produced because excess fat in the cells blocks them from absorbing it and the kidneys attempt to compensate. This is health 101. Yes, add sugar to a high-fat diet and you only make matters worse, but removing the fat is the first step that nutritionists take, along with increasing fiber intake (which lowers body fat, among other things) because of T2 diabetes' pathogenesis.

Comment Re:But is it food. (Score 1) 342

Ketosis can be induced using any high-fat diet, including 100% plant-based. It is extremely dangerous to human health though, and does not support an argument for evolution via meat. There actually are a lot of whole food plant-based keto people out there.

Evolutionary theory is the heart of what paleoanthropologists study, and there is no consensus among them about meat eating "making us human". Although some do make that claim, perpetuating the outdated logic of the "Man the Hunter/Man the Killer" theories of the '40s and '50s. Contrasting this, some modern scientists believe that the consumption of tubers was actually the energy source that led to increasing encephalization (brain enlargement) and gut reduction. Others argue it to be starches more broadly, and many effectively claim that any energy-dense food source would do the trick. The goal was simply reaching reproductive age after all, not avoiding cancer or reaching ripe old age in a healthy state.

This is why you can survive on poor diets. You simply need to reach the age of reproductive viability.

Comment Re:We need to get with the times. (Score 1) 342

Everyone who lacks B12 (the amino acid you're referring to) will suffer such consequences. 39% of the US population is B12 deficient (in the country with nearly the highest meat/dairy consumption per capita in the world), so eating animal products obviously isn't the answer. This isn't an argument against plant-based diets, it's an argument for B12 fortification in foods.

Comment Re:We need to get with the times. (Score 1) 342

The Seventh Day Adventists (vegans and vegetarians) have the longest lifespans of any group ever observed scientifically. So I wouldn't write off plant based diets. They also have some of the lowest rates of diabetes, heart disease, stroke, dementia, hypertension, etc. Among them, the vegans cohort do significantly better than any of the vegetarian groups (lacto-vegetarian, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, etc).

Comment Re:But is it food. (Score 1) 342

In 2002, researchers who working on the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI)—a series of government studies of more than 160,000 healthy postmenopausal women—abruptly halted a trial involving 16,000 women who were taking Premarin when it was found that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) raises the risk of stroke in women by 41 percent, the risk of heart attack by 29 percent, and the risk of breast cancer by 26 percent. Doctors now largely agree that most women should avoid HRT and recommend that those who must use it in order to relieve severe symptoms associated with menopause limit the duration of the treatment, use the lowest effective dose, and use plant-derived estrogen, which uses soy or yam extracts instead of horse urine.

Comment Re:But is it food. (Score 1) 342

You body produces 100% of the creatine you require. Your body makes Taurine too. It's synthesized from any complete protein, such as soy. Heme iron is simply one form of iron, and is not essential for survival. You get all the iron you need from a good plant-based diet. Docosahexaenoic acid (AKA DHA Omega 3), really? Flax seeds. Carnosine is produced from beta-Alanine, which has plenty of vegan sources although there is little science to suggest that it does you any good. Why worry about carnosine? Cobalmin (AKA B12)--well, meat eating obviously isn't a solution when 39% of all Americans are B12 deficient. Americans have nearly the highest per-capita consumption of animal products in world. Everyone should be supplementing B12.

There is no magical ingredient in animal products that you need to survive, which is why all of the major health organization of the world are now supporting plant-based diets as nutritionally adequate for all stages of human development.

Comment Re:We need to get with the times. (Score 1) 342

Inevitably suffer from? That would suggest that it's a serious and widespread problem, and thus there would be studies proving it. But there aren't. In fact, vegans have the lowest rates of dementia and stroke ever observed. Look at the latest large-scale, long-term nutrition studies. This is why every large health organization is now supporting 100% plant-based diets as being nutritionally adequate for all stages of life.

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