It is only too warm for water ice on the surface, where there is virtually no pressure, below the surface, there is enough pressure to keep it solid.
Although water-ice and dry-ice look very similar, they have very different properties, the dry ice at those pressures/temperatures would have almost immediately, while water-ice, which has an inherently low vapor-pressure at that temperature would have remained solid much longer.
Dry ice actually does form in that area for a good portion of the year, since the actual lifetime estimate for phoenix, of 90 days, is because that area will be completely covered in dry-ice during the winter. However, it is summer there now, and much warmer, pretty much all of the dry-ice should have already sublimated by now, even if recently uncovered.
Hopefully, the people at the univerisity of arizona have done one of the tests to determine which substance this is.