"Know Thyself" the ancient Indian way.. (Score 1)

The very ancient Vedic civilization in India understood the importance of this as well, and there is identical word in Samskrita for this: "Swadhyay". It means, literally, study of the self (Swa = self + Adhyaya = study)

There is also a spiritual movement in India with the same name, started by Rev. Pandurang Shastri Athavale.