From the paper (p 12):
"Overall, 673,676 MHS members 16 years and older were eligible for the study group
of fully vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals; 62,883 were eligible for the study
group of unvaccinated previously infected individuals and 42,099 individuals were
eligible for the study group of previously infected and single-dose vaccinees."
"In model 1, we matched 16,215 persons in each group. Overall, demographic
characteristics were similar between the groups, with some differences in their
comorbidity profile (Table 1a)."
"During the follow-up period, 257 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were recorded, of
which 238 occurred in the vaccinated group (breakthrough infections) and 19 in the
previously infected group (reinfections). After adjusting for comorbidities, we found a
statistically significant 13.06-fold (95% CI, 8.08 to 21.11) increased risk for
breakthrough infection as opposed to reinfection (P0.001). Apart from age 60
years, there was no statistical evidence that any of the assessed comorbidities
significantly affected the risk of an infection during the follow-up period (Table 2a)."
"Nine cases of COVID-19-related hospitalizations were recorded, 8 of which were in
the vaccinated group and 1 in the previously infected group (Table S1). No COVID-
19-related deaths were recorded in our cohorts."
This data shows several important phenomenon: 1) for this population, "natural immunity" provided much greater protection against new infections than the vaccine, 2) the vaccine protected 673,438 (99.9% of vaccinated people!) from getting infected, 3) both vaccinated and "natural immunity" patients have extremely low rates of severe COVID symptoms so most people in either of those categories don't really need to worry about getting infected.
So, the obvious conclusions are that the vaccine is wonderful and provides excellent protection but that people who have already been infected are at very low risk of new infections. This is great news for everyone since it would suggest that a combination of vaccinations and people who have recovered from COVID will keep new infection rates very low. It also suggests that while vaccines are the best route for protection, there is no need to brow-beat people who already recovered from COVID and are refusing vaccines. They are very unlikely to get re-infected so (for now) it doesn't matter if they aren't vaccinated.
Obligatory caveats: this is one study from one population (Israel), it has not yet been peer-reviewed, and it is from a limited time frame. We won't know for many months exactly how it translates to the rest of the world but it does demonstrate that there is reason for optimism.