The land mass of the earth is about 147 million square miles. A population of 600,000 leaves about a person every 250 square miles. Assuming that the devastation which wiped out 99.99% of the population also has some deleterious effect on our ability to rapidly traverse 50 miles and accurately find other living beings, attaining sufficient reproducing to keep the population over a minimal threshold level would be rather difficult.
Numbers alone do not keep a species alive.