Have been programming for a living for more than 40 years. I have observed that emphasis in more recent years is about how much code I can cram into a single line, with absolutely no comments to inform the next guy what the hell you were doing. My code is laid out with minimal complexity on each line and there are generally more comments than there are code. The compiler is smart, and will generally optimize whatever you put in your source file to the extent possible. Proper coding will result in more efficient code. that is the way I learned, and that is the way I teach my students when I teach. Oh, and by the way, I very very rarely get trouble tickets on my code. I usually find problems myself during testing. Does anybody do real world testing any more???