There isn't a huge academic literature specifically on nerds, but it does exist. A quick scan of SocIndex gives me the following:
# 1. Nerd, Thug, or Player? Group Membership and Adolescent Identity. By: Andriot, Angie. Conference Papers -- American Sociological Association, 2007 Annual Meeting, p1, 27p, 1 chart
# 2. Bookworms versus nerds: Exposure to fiction versus non-fiction, divergent associations with social ability, and the simulation of fictional social worlds By: Mar, Raymond A.; Oatley, Keith; Hirsh, Jacob; dela Paz, Jennifer; Peterson, Jordan B.. Journal of Research in Personality, Oct2006, Vol. 40 Issue 5, p694-712, 19p; DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2005.08.002
# 3. Black Mexicans, Nerds and Cosmopolitans -- Key Cases for Assimilation Theory. By: Smith, Robert Courtney. Conference Papers -- American Sociological Association, 2006 Annual Meeting, Montreal, p1, 15p;
# 4. Jocks, Teckers, and Nerds: The role of the adolescent peer group in the formation and maintenance of secondary school institutional culture. By: Brady, Patrick. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, Sep2004, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p351-364, 14p
# 5. Why We Harass Nerds and Freaks: A Formal Theory of Student Culture and Norms By: Bishop, John H.; Bishop, Matthew; Bishop, Michael; Gelbwasser, Lara; Green, Shanna; Peterson, Erica; Rubinsztaj, Anna; Zuckerman, Andrew. Journal of School Health, Sep2004, Vol. 74 Issue 7, p235-251, 17p, 2 Charts, 5 Diagrams, 1 Graph
# 6. Battling the Image of 'a Nerd's Profession' By: Field, Kelly. Chronicle of Higher Education, 7/9/2004, Vol. 50 Issue 44, pA15-A17, 3p, 2 Color Photographs
# 7. Web Use and Net Nerds: A Neofunctionalist Analysis of the Impact of Information Technology in the Home. By: Gershuny, Jonathan. Social Forces, Sep2003, Vol. 82 Issue 1, p141-168, 28p
# 8. 'Populars', 'Nerds', and 'Normals': Peer group categories and adolescent social identity processes By: Tanti, C.. Australian Journal of Psychology, 2003 Supplement, Vol. 55, p64-64, 1p;
# 9. Race, Sex, and Nerds. By: Eglash, Ron. Social Text, Summer2002, Vol. 20 Issue 2, p49, 16p
# 10. Hipsters & Nerds: Black Jazz Artists & Their White Shadows By: Gabbard, Krin; Pomerance, Murray. Ladies and Gentlemen, Boys and Girls: gender in film at the end of the 20th century, 2001
# 11. 'OH NO! I'M A NERD!' By: Kendall, Lori. Gender & Society, Apr2000, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p256-274, 19p
# 12. Nerd theology By: Kelly, K.. Technology in Society, Nov99, Vol. 21 Issue 4, p387, 6p
# 13. Nerd Nation: Images of Nerds in US Popular Culture By: Kendall, Lori. International Journal of Cultural Studies, Aug99, Vol. 2 Issue 2, p260, 24p
# 14. Jocks, Nerds, Babes and Thugs: A Research Note on Regional Differences in Adolescent Gender Norms By: Suitor, J. Jill; Carter, Rebecca S.. Gender Issues, Summer99, Vol. 17 Issue 3, p87, 15p, 2 Charts
# 15. "The Nerd Within": Mass Media and the Negotiation of Identity Among Computer-Using Men. By: Kendall, Lori. Journal of Men's Studies, Spring99, Vol. 7 Issue 3, p353-369, 17p
# 16. Nerd's corner. By: Hugo, Anne. Youth Studies Australia, Mar1998, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p49, 1/5p
# 17. Nerd's corner. By: Hugo, Anne. Youth Studies Australia, Jun97, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p51, 1/4p
# 18. Nerds, normal people, and homeboys: Accommodation and resistance among Chinese American students By: Goto, Stanford T.. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, Mar1997, Vol. 28 Issue 1, p70, 15p, 2 Charts