Answer: The cheapest acceptable service.
Who gets to define what is acceptable?
And at what time? Bandwith demand is always increasing. I have been online through 28.8k modem, 64k ISDN, and onwards. Anything potentially deemed "acceptable" at one point is very obsolete five years later. Good luck going up and upgrading the tech on those thousands of satelites in 2030. Or replacing them.
I have heard this stuff for 25 years. Even as elected official. "Wimax will be good enough for the remote areas!" "3G will be good enough!" "4G!" "You will never need anything better than 5G!" And 640K ought to be enough for anyone. Sigh.
SO. Fiber wins in high-population and built up areas. Starlink wins for rural, last mile areas.
In areas
with fiber already, there are many government programs in place to assist/subsidize internet access. For areas without fiber, the cost to install is insane for the amount of folks it would service. Something like starlink makes sense to those "last mile" areas
I actually agree. But who gets to define "last mile"? Is it the small town? The farm miles and miles from anything? Of course there are places which could never get a fiber connection, but we cannot have fixed opinions on this. Esp over time. This must be a debate and constantly changing.
And I think Elon Musk is just about to dismantle one of those "government programs". Or change it to his own benefit. Defining this should not be up to an oligarchy enriching itself, but up to a vibrant, working democracy.
Me, I live in a remote place in rural Norway. Many local power grid companies have built fiber networks. They are almost all owned by local or regional governments, they are autonomous companies, and they have had remnants of a strong dedication to "building infrastructure" for the people. As sane investments, but with a looong horizon regarding ROI. Into the 2000s government programs to support the really, really remote places, came along too.
So I live in a house my great-great-grandmother built in 1895, with the fields of the small farm surrounding me, in a tiny town of 700 people. I got some pseudo-broadband wireless from a hilltop in 2000, with varying bandwith up to 2 Mbit, but less when many (of the very few) subscribers were online though the probably 2Mbit link. Then the power grid company booted their thing, and I got fiber to this house in 2003. At the time I had 2/2 Mbit solid, which was awsome. I still have the same fiber, where the endpoint equipment in my home has been replaced once. I now have 500/500 and can get 2000/2000 if I so like, ever increasing.
Imagine one had, along the way, listened to the likes of this post. In early 2000s, "oh, these folks don't need fiber, this hilltop wireless thing is good enough. It's 2MBit too". "Wimax will be good enough!" etc. This house, this town, wouldn't be worth a lot. Instead, I work as a senior IT consultant, I have neighbors working for AWS or Microsoft.
This is the same in many rural and remote areas in Norway, with local or regional grid companies building the infrastructure.
Yes, Starlink can be a good thing for a few years in some extremely remote places. I don't know the tech inside but I assume it can't scale bandwith like fiber and will have a relatively short lifespan, like, a decade? Before being obsolete. But my grandkids, or some other kids, will be pushing photons and gigabits through the glass tread to my house when I'm dead and buried.
It's not hard to understand. Simplified: If you do wireless, based on radio waves, you have a space where you can push waves, or photons, around, however you like to see it. This is your medium. For e.g. wifi this space is your home, basically. For 4G/5G it's some kilometers around a tower, a "cell". For a Starlink, it is the more-or-less line-of-sight from the satelite to an area on earth. In this medium the technology can use a spectrum of frequencies. Either way: All users of the said medium and spectrum shares the capacity. And there are stuff in the way, like walls, interference, clouds. Wireless data transfer is ever improving by managing to push more and more data in a particular medium/spectrum. And those who invest in this are clawing to use more of the available spectrum when old tech, like TV, is shut down. All well.
Compare: With a fiber, you have your own private space from point to point, where you can push photons all you want, here in the form of light. Nothing blocking, just your traffic. The capacity in the future is way, way beyond what we have to day.
If you take an actual community of homes, businesses, etc. and say, "We are commiting you to THIS particular wireless technology", it's a kiss of death.