Exactly. The Federal Reserve is not actually federal at all, it is a collection of banks that loan fiat money at interest through the process of fractional reserve to the government. The only thing the government does is assume the debt and print the physical dollars if neccessary. This saddles us with unsustainable debt when the government could do the exact same thing itself without incurring the debt. Money is merely a receipt of goods/services. People throw up the argument of inflation whenever they picture the government simply issuing money, but they don't realize that the banks do that exact thing when they lend money. The FDIC is just there to prop up the whole system and allow banks to lend money they don't actually possess.

Caliber refers merely to the diameter of the projectile inches, typically tenths of an inch. .50 caliber simply means a projectile half an inch in diameter. Incidentally this does not necessarily have much to do with how much damage a bullet will do. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.50_AE/, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.50_GI/, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.50_BMG/ and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.500_S%26W_Magnum/ are all .50 caliber cartridges and aren't going to have the same behaviors.