Thank you, but that's not what I said. To illustrate the problem, you can read about a recent investigation by the Chinese government here: https://retractionwatch.com/20...

I don't think this factors in what I believe is a higher likelihood for scientific papers originating in China to involve plagiarism and/or fraud. Although the authors note an increase in publications in high-impact journals like Nature and Science, there doesn't appear to be any other real quality metric - just a note about valuing the average paper coming from China as 1/5 as much as a Western paper, based on number of subsequent citations. With the goals of this study, I don't think that's a rigorous enough metric to draw any conclusions other than that the quantity of papers emerging from China is increasing.

A lot of similar systems use solar concentrators involving a concentrating lens or reflector, increasing the amount of illumination on the area of interest. It's conventional to refer to the amount of illumination in terms of multiples of normal solar radiation - so 2 suns, 10 suns, etc.

Nope, the idea is that the device soaks up lots of solar radiation (infrared through ultraviolet, presumably), and heats up. As it heats up, though, it emits as little as possible energy through infrared radiation. This allows the device to stay as warm as possible, speeding up the steam generation - the heat transfer to the water occurs on the device's underside, I believe through conductive heat transfer.

What happens if you have an encrypted boot volume? It's pretty obvious that the disk is encrypted when you power-on.

...similarly, it'd be ... odd ... to claim that you didn't know the password to your computer.

Would it follow that having an encrypted boot volume is sorta pointless because you can automatically be compelled to release the data?