Hm.. An internet search finds this one: http://research.microsoft.com/...
The headline is "Post-quantum key exchange for the TLS protocol from the ring learning with errors problem", so it doesn't seem to have strictly to do with a lattice-based problem if it's the algorithm that was meant in the article above.
And this is an explanation: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST...

I haven't understood the problem that deeply but when I do I will post it here.

Hyperlinks were an open way to communicate. There are also other open ways: Hyperlinks often point to other websites, other blogs or wikis and so the community is able to make her own rules.
The other side is the world of facebook, WhatsApp, Google and many others who try to create their own little ecosystem to keep their users with them. Why does everyone use WhatsApp (Facebook)? Certainly, it's not because WhatsApp is having the best privacy features or is the most open messenger tool. It's simply because everyone is using it. You have to use it if you want to communicate with others because they don't read their e-mails anymore.

This is a very interestig topic.
Maybe a year ago, I tried to understand how quantum computers work - and I stopped when I realized how they could threaten the way all cryptography in the Internet is working at the moment, mainly because of "Shor's algorithm" which would allow the owner of a quantum computer to break all RSA encrypted communication and many other types of encryption.
But fortunately, quantum computers aren't just faster computers, only some algorithms are especially fast. That's why Microsoft is not the first to find a cryptographic system which may be "quantum secure" - there's also an asymmetrical encryption called NTRU (->Wikipedia).
Furthermore, there's a method called "quantum cryptography" it's not really applicable to the Internet because it needs different physical conditions rather than simple exchange of bytes (coupled photons...).