You're conflating a few things there, but you're onto something.
To jam GPS, all you need to do is fill the channel with noise, because as you say, GPS is actually below the noise floor when it reaches the ground anyway. However, you do need to fill it with 'edges', rather than just a single continuous tone. I suspect the military receivers are more resistant than consumer because they use a wider band, and so you'd need to cover a much broader area with convincing 'edges' to fully defeat them - but you can definitely cause signal acquisition issues, if not signal lock failures relatively easily.
To actually spoof GPS does indeed take a lot more work. You need to have a lock on at least one satellite, and then relay those signal with at most a few milliseconds of delay. Instead of trying to do that, you'll actually mimic the satellite completely, and by supplying a tiny bit more power than the real satellite, you'll likely fool the receiver into following your signal instead of the real one. Again, this is considerably harder to do against the military bands because they use a much longer spread spectrum key, and those keys are classified. Consumer keys aren't publicly available, but I dare say can be/have been reverse engineered out of receivers a dozen times over. Unless you're trying to do some sort of James Bond type setup to drive someone off-course and over a border or some such, this approach is almost certainly not worth bothering with.
As for Glonass - you may well be onto something there, perhaps they can jam everyone else but not themselves? One wonders what practical application that has, given the Ukrainians have found consumer GPS receivers strapped to downed Russian fighter dashboards. It might mean 'big' things like ships know where they are, but frankly, if you can't figure out where a ship is, you're not really up to much. It's much more interesting to have GPS for small things like drones, and even fighter planes - but for that, you're going to need hundreds of military-band receivers, which observation suggests don't exist.
Lastly, I'll also say that when GPS sats first went up, the Americans enabled "Selective Availability" (SA) on the consumer bands. The idea was that us ordinary folk wouldn't know where we were, but the US military would. The thing was, some of the best minds in the world were working on ways to 'smooth out' the SA so GPS would be useful for ordinary people. Then the US went into Haiti, and realised they didn't have anywhere near enough military GPS receivers, so they went to Bestbuy, bought all the consumer ones they could and turned off SA. When the conflict was over, they turned it back on briefly, but then realised it was probably better to "keep their powder dry" and turned it off again. We all went and dismantled our differential GPS systems, so are vulnerable to it again.
My point is, if there are some "GPS outages" or whatever, then all it's really doing is preparing us for the future. We're a pretty ingenious bunch, and pretty soon we'll have solutions for all these sorts of problems - even at a consumer level.
Either way, as a geek, this makes me want to get a raspberry pi and attach a GPS antenna to the shed to datalog what it 'sees'. Might be an 'early warning' of impending trouble, or maybe just something for my nerdgasm.