> So, this means a US business just buys the stuff from Shein and Temu, slaps their label on it, triples the price, and sells it on Amazon or other retail outlets?

the "de minimus" tax waiver applies to purchases of less than $800. Its unlikely that a US business would purchase inventory from China $800 USD worth at a time.

US businesses purchasing more than $800 of goods at a time already pay the full duty rate (the "de minimus" waiver does not apply to these purchases).

I think a better example of what actually happens is that US (or Canadian) businesses have full freight containers of goods manufactured in China and shipped to Canada. Those businesses pay import duty to Canada when the container is landed. The businesses then make online sales to US customers. Most of those sales are to individuals, and have a value for duty less than $800 USD.

The sold items are picked from the Canadian warehouse and shipped to the US as individual shipments. Each shipment whose value is less than $800 qualifies under section 321 as being non-dutiable.

Every few weeks/months the business submits paperwork to Revenue Canada, requesting a refund on the duty that had been paid when the goods were imported into Canada. Since those goods were immediately exported out of Canada, the import duty that had been paid to Canada is refunded.

The end result is that full containers of goods eventually make their way from China into the US w/o anyone paying any US or CA import duty.

Its a convoluted process but saves a lot on duty costs, if US consumers are likely to purchase the goods in individual orders whose value is $800 or less.

This process can also work for Amazon marketplace orders (since Amazon is just an order clearing house), but I don't think it works if Amazon is doing the fulfillment, because at the time the goods move from CA to US the owner of the goods would be the (selling) business itself, and more than $800 worth of goods would be transferred to Amazon to stock their warehouses. In that scenario the (selling) business would have to pay the US import duty.

Certain companies that employ nerds whose software keeps track of imports/exports, warehousing, logistics and customs clearance will likely be impacted by this administration's NPRM, hence my interest. ... The $800 USD section 321 waiver is actually determined at the time of import. Total VFD for (same seller, buyer, date of import) must be $800 or less to avoid paying duty.

Raw milk sales are legal in New York. Sellers do need to be permitted and meet testing requirements. I purchased raw milk directly from a local (New York) farm for years before getting my own cows.. yum!

Here are the regulations https://agriculture.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2019/06/RawMilkRegsPart2.pdf