Precisely what your subject range falls to depends (you can do more than 5 AS levels, and more than 3 A levels). Also, the UK chemistry BA is equivalent to a US chemistry BA (the one fewer year compensates for the additional specialization). A UK chemistry masters (generally integrated masters taking 4 years total) is equivalent to a US masters.

I believe Scottish degrees are 4 years (or 5 for an integrated masters).

Isn't the memory compression exactly what the zram kernel module is for?

The website states that the pre-order price ($149) includes five cartridges. Subsequent cartridges cost $4, or $10 for the flu test, so this is likely to be the main business model.

What research can be done with humans who can never return that couldn't be done with robotic missions? Specifically, robotic sample return missions would be more useful than sending humans and being constrained to only the analysis for which they carried the necessary equipment. Sending humans can wait until we have a way to get them back.