I'm pretty sure the government releases the patents that result from taxpayer dollars into the public domain Can you give an example of government patents that were given to private companies?

The results of government funded research does belong to everyone. No one is stoping you from starting your own company to cash in in the research being done.

How hard would it be to put a really fast classical computer into a black box and trick people into believing it is a quantum computer?

From wikipedia:

"NTRU is an asymmetric (public/private key) cryptosystem. It has two characteristics that make it interesting as an alternative to RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography; speed and quantum computing resistance. There are two NTRU based algorithms: NTRUEncrypt and NTRUSign.

Because it is based on different mathematics (lattice-based cryptography) from RSA and ECC, the NTRU algorithm has different cryptographic properties. At comparable cryptographic strength, NTRU performs costly private key operations much much faster than RSA. In addition, NTRU's comparative performance increases with the level of security required. As key sizes increase by n, RSA's operations/second decrease at n3 whereas NTRU's decrease at n2."

open source java implementation of ntru:
http://ntru.sourceforge.net/

Cyassl - an openssl replacement that supports ntru
http://freecode.com/projects/cyassl

From TFA:
'Up to one-tenth of the missing carbon may have leached into ground water, but Kirk says the majority is likely to have been lost as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This is likely to be due to plant matter and organic material decomposing at a faster rate as temperatures rise.

More worryingly, soil sinks are predicted to release their carbon at an even faster rate as temperatures increase, giving rise to a feedback loop.'

So, the earth is releasing CO2 on its own, but it is because of a feedback loop likely caused by global warming.
Also from TFA:

'Models had predicted that the rate of carbon released from terrestrial sinks would eventually outpace the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide, says Kirk, but it was thought this would not happen for another 10 to 50 years. "We've shown that it's happening rather faster than that." '

In other words, the feedback loop will become self susaining in 10 to 50 years. If humans can stop global warming before that time, than the carbon dioxide will be reabsorped, and the feedback loop will not occur. We still have 10 to 50 years of hope. After that, we're screwed.