Just curious where you got "Even if you doubled worldwide solar cell output every five years..." considering that PV production has gone up by a factor of about 7 in the past 5 years and is doubling every 2 years making it the world's fastest-growing energy source (according to The Earth Policy Institute). That is not even to mention that the pace is accelerating as a new wave of technologies comes to market (50% growth last year). At the current rate of growth, and using your numbers for production required, solar production would supply the equivalent of all of todays energy in less than 24 years. Not that I think that will happen since growth will curtail eventually, but your numbers based on a 5 year doubling are way off:
It is also worth pointing out that the earth receives enough energy from the sun in 40 minutes to match global energy consumption for all of 2006. So basically we would just need to capture 0.008% of the total energy available from solar radiation to provide enough energy for today's level of use. Given the advance of technology and the value of energy to mankind, I hardly think that sounds like a far fetched goal.