There's more than one effect these stores seem to be having, but the situation is being oversimplified for political reasons. That isn't a "research brief," so much as it is a propaganda pamphlet from a lobbying group. These organizations spam editors of news aggregation sites, like Slashdot, with this drivel.
Some of the points made in the Guardian article that the pamphlet cites as a source are good ones. It sucks when a locally-owned retailer is blindsided by a large corporation that comes in and, dangling "jobs," manages to convince the local government to give it tax breaks that amount to an unfair advantage. From the perspective of the local-government, it will be counter-productive when the less-efficient local grocery (that employs more people) to be replaced by the hyper-efficient national chain that doesn't need as many employees, but the national chain is sophisticated in marketing itself, and politicians are shortsighted. From the perspective of consumers, the increased efficiency makes it cheaper to buy the same stuff, although they might end up with a more limited selection.
Sometimes, too, these stores aren't replacing much of anything, because there wasn't a store nearby. It's a complex mixture of bad and good effects, and one-sided pamphleteers from the "Institute of Local Self Reliance" don't help you to understand. It doesn't help to simply demonize efficiency because it means a company doesn't need to hire as many people, any more than it does to argue against economies of scale. That's a losing battle if ever there was one. Regulation can help to ensure desirable outcomes, but you can't enforce the perpetuation of outdated business models.