I took a class in college that tried to explain this of course reading James Joyce. Being a lover of prose I did find it frustrating to read a story and think I understood it and the characters only to go to class and find out that it meant something completely different with a lot of the meaning hidden in literary references to things I had never read.
The interesting part of the class though for me was the introduction to the concept of Abductive Reasoning.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abductive_reasoning
"The term refers to the process of arriving at an explanatory hypothesis. Peirce said that to abduce a hypothetical explanation a from an observed surprising circumstance b is to surmise that a may be true because then b would be a matter of course"
The answer is 42.
Question?
* The answer to the meaning of life.
* No stupid. It is obviously 41 + 1.
* No it is 42 + 0
* Etc...
For us literal minded people at least we have an equation.