I'll have to read the paper to see precisely how widely applicable it is, but SDD systems are not quite as interesting as they claim. Nor is solving linear systems with them.
Netflix and Google &c do not solve linear systems with their SDD matrices: they need the dominant eigenvector. To find that you run the power method, which is matrix-vector multipication. Much simpler.
CFD and such applications they mention do give rise to SDD systems, but only in the case of diffusion, no convection. Also, diagonal dominance comes from using 2nd order methods (finite element or finite difference) only. Higher degrees of approximation gives SPD (symmetric positive definite) systems.
Now, if they could crack that problem it would be truly interesting.
V.