From the article.. "Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei told Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth last week that he would not allow Claude to be used to surveil American citizens or empower autonomous weapons."
That once sentence is what this is all about. Hegseth wants the ability to spy on us without restriction and the ability to kill without human intervention. Anthropic won't agree to those terms and so as punishment they are being labeled a supply chain risk by the government.