Comment The Forward to De Revolutionibus Was Key (Score 3, Interesting) 135
What's missing from this piece is what led to the widespread and unfettered distribution of Copernicus' truly revolutionary (excuse the pun) heliocentric work, when Galileo some 90 years later met such severe opposition from Catholic church authorities. The church philosophers were steeped in Aristotle's geocentric view at the time, accepted as dogma ever since one of its seminal theologians, Thomas Acquinas, had used the arguments of Aristotle as proofs for the existence of the Christian God to counter the Muslim theologians who were doing the same for Allah at the time. I contend it was the forward to de Revolutionibus, written anonymously by a Protestant theologian by the name of Andreas Osiander, much to the chagrin of Copernicus.
Osiander was tasked by a student of Copernicus to get the work published at Copernicus' behest, who by then was nearing death. Osiander realized how such a revolutionary viewpoint of the universe would be taken by Catholic church authorities. So he decided, without Copernicus’ approval, to pen a forward defending the endeavor, in which he took a more pragmatic rather than idealistic perspective, stating in essence that the theory may or may not be true, but that the reader should at least consider it as a way to make a more accurate calendar which was a key focus at the time (the Gregorian calendar, still in use today, was adopted some 18 years after Copernicus' death).
Understandably, Copernicus was livid when he found out about the forward, but I believe it actually saved his hide and legacy. For it led to the widespread and largely unopposed dissemination of his work such that Galileo was able to use it and his telescope to prove the sun was at the center of the solar system, in direct contradiction to what philosophers had believed for almost 2,000 years. That spelled the end of philosophy as the dominant source of truth in universities and the rise of science (inductive reasoning) to replace it, despite the mathematician/philosopher René Descartes' vain attempt to re-establish the deductive reasoning of philosophy on a more firm foundation. Such pragmatism is the reason engineering and technology play such a vital role in society today.
I'll have to admit I'm a bit biased. I'm an engineer and a descendent of Andreas Osiander. Andreas married Barbara Häyland. Their fifth-generation great-granddaughter Christina Barbara Osiander Epting emigrated to Newberry, SC, USA in the 1700's.