people need to understand the concepts of bits, bytes, words, longwords, binary/octal/hex numbers, thinking sequentially and logically, what an operating system actually does, what an IO system is and does, how a computer actually does math, etc., etc., etc.
No, they don't. Especially not at age 14. I live in a first world country, and none of those topics were covered before the final year of highschool (age 18) or the first few years of university. There's a good reason for that - most of those topics are completely useless unless you have something to actually apply them to. Having something to apply them to would require trying to teach C/C++ or assembler to your average 14 year old. That's just not going to end well.
UNIX was not designed to stop you from doing stupid things, because that would also stop you from doing clever things. -- Doug Gwyn