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Space

Could 'Ghost Particle' Neutrinos Crashing Into Antarctica Change Astronomy Forever? (cnet.com) 29

CNET reports on how research in Antarctica "could change astronomy forever": About 47 million light-years from where you're sitting, the center of a black-hole-laden galaxy named NGC 1068 is spitting out streams of enigmatic particles. These "neutrinos" are also known as the elusive "ghost particles" that haunt our universe but leave little trace of their existence.... Nestled into about 1 billion tons of ice, more than 2 kilometers (1.24 miles) beneath Antarctica, lies the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. A neutrino hunter, you might call it. When any neutrinos transfer their party to the frigid continent, IceCube stands ready.

In a paper published Friday in the journal Science, the international team behind this ambitious experiment confirmed it has found evidence of 79 "high-energy neutrino emissions" coming from around where NGC 1068 is located, opening the door for novel — and endlessly fascinating — types of physics. "Neutrino astronomy," scientists call it.

It'd be a branch of astronomy that can do what existing branches simply cannot.

Before today, physicists had only shown neutrinos coming from either the sun; our planet's atmosphere; a chemical mechanism called radioactive decay; supernovas; and — thanks to IceCube's first breakthrough in 2017 — a blazar, or voracious supermassive black hole pointed directly toward Earth. A void dubbed TXS 0506+056. With this newfound neutrino source, we're entering a new era of the particle's story. In fact, according to the research team, it's likely neutrinos stemming from NGC 1068 have up to millions, billions, maybe even trillions the amount of energy held by neutrinos rooted in the sun or supernovas. Those are jaw-dropping figures because, in general, such ghostly bits are so powerful, yet evasive, that every second, trillions upon trillions of neutrinos move right through your body. You just can't tell....

Not only is this moment massive because it gives us more proof of a strange particle that wasn't even announced to exist until 1956, but also because neutrinos are like keys to our universe's backstage. They hold the capacity to reveal phenomena and solve puzzles we're unable to address by any other means, which is the primary reason scientists are trying to develop neutrino astronomy in the first place.... Expected to be generated behind such opaque screens filtering our universe, these particles can carry cosmic information from behind those screens, zoom across great distances while interacting with essentially no other matter, and deliver pristine, untouched information to humanity about elusive corners of outer space.

The team says their data can provide information on two great unsolved mysteries in astronomy: why black holes emit sporadic blasts of light, and neutrinos' suspected role in the origin of cosmic rays.
Network

Brooklyn Quantum Network May Hold Key To an Untappable Internet (fastcompany.com) 47

tedlistens shares a report from Fast Company: Two corners of Brooklyn's historic Navy Yard will be connected by a small test bed for quantum networking, a first step toward a future "quantum internet" that promises to transform computing and make communications untappable. The effort, by a startup company called Qunnect, will join dozens of experiments around the U.S., Europe, and China, but would be the first commercial quantum network in the country, and the first to use only small, room-temperature devices. Such tools could make it easier to link quantum computers across the planet, opening the door to more practical uses of the technology in research, defense, finance, and other yet-to-be-determined applications.

"We can have these networks go all the way from here, coast to coast, and eventually global," says Dr. Noel Goddard, the CEO of Qunnect. In addition to testing a protocol for sharing quantum information across conventional fiber-optic lines, the 12-person startup will use the network to test a group of quantum networking hardware that can fit into the server racks of existing telecom buildings. Its flagship product, spun out of research at SUNY Stony Brook, is a type of device thought to be crucial to establishing the "magic" of quantum entanglement across a fiber line, called a quantum memory. The machines use rubidium vapor to briefly store photons' quantum information, with all of its weird uncertainty, so that the information can be repeated across a long-distance fiber network without disturbing it along the way. But unlike many quantum machines -- often sprawling tabletop contraptions that rely on cryogenic cooling, vacuums, and other delicate equipment -- Qunnect's memory machine operates at room temperature and fits inside a box the size of a large desk drawer.

Qunnect's sold just three of its memory machines so far, to Brookhaven National Lab and Stony Brook University, at a reported price of around $100,000 apiece. But a number of government and defense labs, along with big telecom and tech companies, from Amazon to Verizon, are paying close attention. The device has already received millions in backing from the Department of Energy and other federal and state agencies. And last week, Qunnect announced its largest endorsement yet: $8 million in funding, in a series A round led by Airbus Ventures and including The New York Ventures Fund, Impact Science Ventures, Motus Ventures, and SandboxAQ, a post-quantum security company Google spun off earlier this year. The new money will help build the test bed, which Qunnect plans to start operating by the middle of next year, when it will open it up to researchers and customers in government, finance, and telecom. These experiments will help the company learn more about a variety of proposals for building quantum networks, and, it hopes, position it as a device supplier for the whole quantum internet.

The Internet

Tim Berners-Lee Skeptical of Web3, Touts Decentralized Internet Without Blockchain (thenextweb.com) 62

Sir Tim Berners-Lee "is skeptical about a blockchain-based internet," reports the Next Web. Instead, they describe his new vision as "a decentralized architecture that gives users control of their data" — on a Platform called Solid: Berners-Lee shares Web3's purported mission of transferring data from Big Tech to the people. But he's taking a different route to the target. While Web3 is based on blockchain, Solid is built with standard web tools and open specifications. Private information is stored in decentralized data stores called "pods," which can be hosted wherever the user wants. They can then choose which apps can access their data. This approach aims to provide interoperability, speed, scalability, and privacy.

"When you try to build that stuff on the blockchain, it just doesn't work," said Berners-Lee.

Berners-Lee says Solid serves two separate purposes. One is preventing companies f rom misusing our data for unsolicited purposes, from manipulating voters to generating clickbait.The other is providing opportunities to benefit from our information. Healthcare data, for instance, could be shared across trusted services to improve our treatment and support medical research. Our photos, meanwhile, could be supplied to Facebook friends, LinkedIn colleagues, and Flickr followers without having to upload the pictures to each platform.

This evokes Berners-Lee's original aim to make the web a collaborative tool. "I wanted to be able to solve problems when part of the solution is in my head and part of the solution is in your head, and you're on the other side of the planet — connected by the internet," he said.

"That was the sort of thing I wanted the web for. It took off more as a publishing medium — but all is not lost."

United States

Tech Experts Urge Washington To Resist Crypto Industry's Influence (ft.com) 50

A group of renowned technologists has joined forces to urge US lawmakers to crack down on the burgeoning cryptocurrencies industry, marking the first concerted effort to counter well-financed lobbying by blockchain companies. From a report: Harvard lecturer Bruce Schneier, former Microsoft engineer Miguel de Icaza and principal engineer at Google Cloud Kelsey Hightower, are among 26 leading computer scientists and academics who have signed a letter delivered to US lawmakers heavily criticising crypto investments and blockchain technology. While individuals have made similar warnings about the safety and reliability of digital assets, it marks a more organised effort to challenge the growing influence of crypto advocates who want to resist attempts to regulate the frothy sector. "The claims that the blockchain advocates make are not true," said Schneier. "It's not secure, it's not decentralised. Any system where you forget your password and you lose your life savings is not a safe system," he added. "We're counter-lobbying, that's what this letter is about," said signatory and software developer Stephen Diehl. "The crypto industry has its people, they say what they want to the politicians."

A recent analysis of the US Congressional Lobbying Disclosure database by Public Citizen, a consumer advocacy group, revealed the number of lobbyists representing the crypto industry increased from 115 to 320 between 2018 and 2021, and the money spent on lobbying for the crypto sector quadrupled from $2.2mn to $9mn in the same period. US-based cryptocurrency exchange Coinbase led the effort with 26 lobbyists and $1.5mn spent on lobbying in 2021. Companies with growing interest in the crypto sector, include Meta, Visa and PayPal, have also lobbied for the industry. Meanwhile, leading crypto exchanges such as FTX, Binance and Crypto.com have also spent heavily on endorsement deals with sports stars and entertainment venues to promote their products to the public.

Comment Re:Expensive resin (Score 1) 14

How is this different from the resin printers that already exist? The description sounds to me exactly the way current resin printers already work. Are these researchers coming late to the game? If not, what's different about _their_ resin printing process?

My fuzzy memory says the resin is cheaper than PLA, et al. The overall process may be more expensive up front, because you need two additional devices to clean and cure the printed object. One-time cost, though.

Comment Re:bullshit (Score 1) 99

And what's next? Since criminals use automobiles, and the cops "need" to know who's driving any given car in the vicinity of a crime, will the DoT also require an ID transmitter in every car?

The FCC found out that requiring every CB operator in the country to have a "license" was a huge burden on them, and served no functional purpose, and finally gave it up as a bad job. I suspect the millions of quadcopters and hexcopters (do we have octocopters yet?) will be the same. Perhaps they should stop conflating hobby and small-business quadcopters with actual _drones_, and they'd stop thinking both types of object need to be licensed and controlled in the same way and for the same reasons.

Comment The problem is not less-than-2x4 lumber, but... (Score 1) 548

The problem is that, while a 2"x6" board at Lowe's measures about 5.5", and can be used as a replacement for any of my rotted deck planks, the boards at Home Depot are sufficiently less than 5.5" that they look terrible if used as a replacement. I found this out the hard way by buying several cedar 2"x6" boards at HD and using them to replace a few deck planks that were more worn or rotted than the rest of the deck. Being frugal, I wasn't going to throw them away and buy replacements elsewhere, but the result looked terrible for several years. Zoom forward a few years, and I have just completed almost 3 weeks of part-time work replacing most of the decking - about 125 boards - and it looks like the original deck again.

Before I began my renovation, I made the rounds of our local Lowe's, Home Depot, and Menard's, and measured the width of their available cedar lumber. Lowe's was fine, Home Depot was still too narrow to be used, and I couldn't find any at Menard's...maybe if I had found somebody on the floor to ask, they could have pointed me to lumber stored outside, but there was none to be seen inside on the lumber racks, so I don't know if Menard's lumber is undersize, or not.

Dimensioned lumber has gotten increasingly smaller over the years, and it has nothing to do with drywall or any other practical explanation. It has more to do with it being cheaper to mill it undersize than use precision milling equipment, and/or being able to get more boards out of a log if the boards are milled even further under their nominal size.

I once owned a gingerbread Victorian home and, during roofing and other renovations, I found that the lumber used was extremely close to the stated dimensions - my roof purlins were an _actual_ 2"x6", not 1.75"x5.5" or any other lesser dimensions. I couldn't even buy custom-milled pieces for replacements of special trim, because nobody makes milling cutters of those sizes any more.

Comment Re:Yay, at last! Or? (Score 1) 90

Seems to me that is what Doug Engelbart implemented in the NLS system decades ago. It wasn't yet networked, only running on local servers (multiple servers, so it did have some networking), but that's only because the networking wasn't quite available when NLS development began, pre-ARPANet (and their research funding probably limited them to a single, small, server anyway).

Our Army project used NLS across the ARPANet from many sites around the US, and my team wanted to fund Engelbart to add the necessary networking hooks ahead of some other things that were higher on his development priority list. Ultimately, HQ AMC nixed the funding for that expansion, we eventually dropped use of NLS because someone objected to using a proprietary system (of course, every other system we used was proprietary...), and re-wrote an equivalent system ourselves, in C. That system, too, was eventually dropped when HQ AMC management changed and the new managers manifested a "not developed here" (i.e., by them) mentality.

At any rate, I was using something looking almost exactly like Ted Nelson's Hypertext back in the late 1970's, and developing applications for it well into the 1980's. Except neither Engelbart nor we implemented Nelson's silly micro-payment system for use of others' copyrighted works; personally, I figured Fair Use pretty much covered linking and embedding, since the links always pointed back to the original.

Comment Lead bullets not going away; EPA did not shut down (Score 1) 3

The EPA did not shut down the Herculaneum, MO smelter. The EPA demanded additional environmental protection measures that the company deemed too expensive to implement in a commercially viable manner, and decided to shut down their last pure-lead/custom-alloy-lead primary smelter and sell their nearby Doe Run mine output to overseas companies still running primary smelters.

Lead bullets are not going away, and the smelter closing will have little to no effect on bullet manufacturers. Bullets are made from recycled lead, primarily from car batteries, not from pure, or "pure" custom-alloy, lead ingots. More hunting ammunition, primarily shotgun pellets, will be made from other substances such as bismuth in the future, but most rimfire and centerfire cartridges will continue to use lead, or lead core, bullets. Individual shooters who cast their own bullets use recycled lead such as wheel weights or recycled-lead ingots formulated and sold specifically for bullet casting (pure lead is too soft, so custom alloys of various hardnesses are used for bullets).

The bulk of the Herky smelter's output went to battery manufacturers. None of it went to bullet manufacturers.

Comment Re:3 D printing of guns can be done better (Score 1) 717

I'm thinking that his CAD/CAM drawings are just as useful when fed into a CNC milling machine, which is also priced within hobbyist reach these days. I know hobbyists who have built their own, for that matter.

Once you have the computerized engineering drawings, nothing says you can only input them to a plastic-output machine.

Comment Re:Interesting synergies will appear (Score 1) 717

You're being snobbishly insulting to "militia style groups mostly in rural areas" with that stupid comment. If you meant it to be humorous,it doesn't read that way.

Besides, anybody can operate a 3D printer - the expertise is in weapons design, manufacture, and asembly (in great abundance in said populations) and the ability to use CAD/CAM software (which is not exactly in short supply in said populations).

Comment Re:That's nice (Score 1) 717

Nice strawman. Pretty transparent, though.

You're missing the difference between making bad acts illegal, and using illegal Prior Restraint on a civil right to illegalize an object that might be used for a few llegal purposes as well as for its many obviously legal and beneficial purposes.

You don't have to make guns illegal if you have laws making murder and assault illegal, by whatever means accomplished. Much simpler than trying to take 300,000,000 guns away from 100,000,000 law-abiding gun owners, who have a Constitutionally enshrined right to have them..

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