Come up with some classification system that works for you.

1. Don't organize by color... my wife did this to me once, and I could never find things again.
2. Don't use a library-strength scheme like Dewey, LoC or Cutter... you'll kill yourself later. I promise.
3. It's much easier to split things into bookstore classification: by general subject, then by author, then by title... but if something else makes sense for you, then do that instead. After all: this is your library.
4. If you want to give ID numbers to each book, don't get too hung up on order: this is just a way to find the book in a database. It only needs to make sense to a computer.

Make yourself a basic SQLite database, maybe hosted on a PHP server or whatever you dig. I like Sinatra. After that, the interface is just a matter of how much pizzazz you want to add, and if you want it to be public.

Once you have items tagged with an ID number, saved in your trusty database, you can play with metadata. For something simple, try Dublin Core. If you want to show your collection to the world, try Omeka.

After that, you're going to need a script with reminders for people that inevitably will want to read your book. Every time a person borrows a book, make the script use cron to email them every week, to remind you to give it back.

It's also a pain in the ass, and was designed for 1876.

It's OK if any change is easily reversible, meaning: if you can erase your shit. I'd not stick a bar code on a 1st ed. Moby Dick, but you could certainly write, in neat _pencil_ on the title page, a code number or call number. Even rare books need to be catalogued in some fashion, and this is how the pros do it. The Newberry Library here in Chicago does that, and nobody takes better care of their books than them. Most special collections libraries at major universities do too.

Short of that: get some acid-free paper, and write your code number on that instead, or even a barcode (as long as this label is not in regular contact with the book).

For me, the main thing is distinct space... a threshold you have to cross to your office. It can even be a doorway that, when you walk through, you are now in the "work zone." As much psychological distinction you can create between your home and your office will help you make the transition.