Bitcoin and its imitators are open source. The web app that the article is about allows one to generate their own altcoin for 0.01 BTC, with the release of the source code for your custom altcoin costing extra. I'm not sure if the licensing of Bitcoin allows you to distribute a derivative without source, but even if it did no one would take it seriously. Even Dogecoin provides source.

A laser-sintering 3D printer can actually print metal rocket nozzles, so I guess that would be Siemens. http://youtu.be/xNqs_S-zEBY

My understanding is that Cryptolocker asked for a flat rate of 2 BTC or a $300 money transfer. Once Bitcoin went beyond $150 Cryptolocker would have had no effect on the price.

Pretty sure you're thinking of Von Braun.

I'm wondering if there's an equivalent replacement around, or if, more likely, deployed submariners and other DoD personnel with limited data access are just expected to suck it up and deal with the complete lack of off-hull news for months on end.

I believe that honor goes to A. Baldwin Wood.