The United States Army (Score 1)

Actually, you're "both" (meaning all) slightly off-center. A massive communications network was created by *DARPA* (not ARPA) - that is, the Defence Advanced Research Project Agency - so that in the event of, say, New York being nuked, a message from city A (east of NYC) could still get to city B (west of NYC) via city C (south of NYC). I'm oversimplifying, but we have to thank the military for advancing technology. Speaking of which, has anyone noticed tech advances faster (fastest?) during wartime? For anyone interested in more, and in fact for anyone in general, I highly recommend the book "Cyberpunk" - it details lives of the three greatest crackers known: Kevin Mitnick, rtm and Pengo. It's by Katie Hafner - www.amazon.com for $11.20 new - $0.97 used plus S+H. Cheers, Razor