So, I believe that the majority of the pre-boot UEFI time is spent doing DDR training and PCIe training.

I've worked a bit on the RISC-V ecosystem. And while the CPU and motherboard are all open-source, there are two binary blobs left... the DDR training and the PCIe training. GigE and faster PHY might require training, too.

By training, I mean finding the speeds, offsets and parameters for these high speed and parallel links (even GigE is 4x 250 megabit). Much of this is highly proprietary and obviously hidden from normal view.

In the title, I say threadripper, so long (coincidentally, I just rebooted this vary machine I'm typing this on. The threadripper has PCIe training to do ... I believe with each card. There is also many memory modules of DDR.

I think the actual answer is 60 to 90 seconds.

But heck ... I've had servers that take over 5 minutes.

Why not build your own. Reprap.org. A pile of threaded rod and most of a weekend ... and you have a 3D printer.

I thought M$ already released M$ BASIC ... but was that only 6502?

Actually, you almost make your point before you pivot. In the case of a car a) 30 mph night-time streets and b) racetrack, the MPG differs wildly. A fictional modern car might get 40mpg at night (no stops) and 5MPG (or less) on the racetrack. What was it... the maybach could empty it's 40-something-gallon tank in just 2 or 3 laps at Nuremberg?

Point is, car or computer, your consumption is highly variable. If you make a set of assumptions (highway or city driving, specifically the EPA test), you have less variability. Like a modern car, the Mhz of modern systems varies wildly as they manage their power and heat and so-on. This is why mobile device review sites will have tests like watching a movie or some form of productivity app usage.

That-all-said, W and Wh are more useful units than A or Ah (unless you're sizing components like wire). W is power and Wh is energy. Again this thread (so far) almost gets there. Your usage (power) is variable, but your energy is fixed. This is actually talking about Wh per h --- which is arguably just _average_ watts, but then you do need to specify how you measured that for it to be meaningful. "While playing X with Y settings" or "while watching utube"

Instead of charging to 80%, if I end the day >70%, I just don't charge. It's easy enough to charge in the middle of the day if you need to, but with the large battery on my google phone (the 6 pro), and the sipping that OLED screens do nowdays, if I don't use it too much, I finish above 70% on the first day... meaning I often have around 35% at bedtime on the 2nd day. Charge less often.

I built my own 3D printer out of $200 of relatively common components ... like threaded rod and nuts. Even if you attack the software (firmware, slicers, CAD software), many open-source options remain. In essence, only the people not wanting to print bad things would use the software.

Other than the deep Canadian cut in the arrogant worms reference in the username, I can say:

Find one of the ZFS based projects (truenas?). Use them. Bonus extension? LTO tape drives for the 2.5T tapes are sub-$500 (Canadian, even).

Pretty much the only sane long term storage of digital data involves tapes last step. And these days, any sane storage system starts with ZFS.

SMB, nextcloud, whatever. That's the easy middle. It all just works.

Hardware? 8 spinning disks with RAID-Z2. As big as you can afford --- you can expand, but it gets somewhat crazy. Then 64 to 128G ram + 1T or 2T NVME (2ndary cache). There are probably 50 ways to ZFS your data. Yep. That scans, too.

... so lets see... I build my own printer with designs from the internet, a few meters of threaded rod, a meter of smooth rod. Half a dozen sleave bearings, a few hundred nuts, 4 stepper motors, a few 3d printed pieces (friend online printed them) and a hot end. I suppose the hot end is a part you could make illegal... but it's pretty easy to machine (you just don't because it's easier to buy).

reprap.org. Build your own printer. Takes an afternoon or two and $200 worth of parts from eBay/Amazon. And these are parts used to build everything.

Trying to ban a 3D printer because you _could_ print a gun with it is like banning cars because you could hit someone with it... or like banning sharp kitchen knives with it because you might stab someone. ... but a 3D printer is much simpler to make than a car ... or even a good kitchen knife.

So this is a Sci-Fi Story now?

Isn't this just akin to "don't open images" in email?

Those may be "some" ways to write games for the Amiga, but they're miles apart ... and you haven't done any research on the more mundane, but likely useful ways.

Given the way the OS is encoded for development, C is going to be an obvious mid-level choice. In the time of the Amiga, both MANX and Lattice C compilers were available. That said, starting with a copy of the header files for either, you should be able to adapt them for (say) gcc or clang. Advantage there is a nice cross-compile environment. But both MANX and Lattice offered fully symbolic debuggers.

I suppose, to give credit, 68000 assembly is "as close" to C as you can almost get. It's not the horror show that other assemblies would be, but it's still not a serious development environment... that is, unless you enjoy the challenge on top of the challenge of whatever you're developing.

It's just like the c64. I used to do assembly, but turbo-macro-pro with a 512k memory expansion is a much nicer "self hosted" development environment and cc65 is a very able cross-development environment --- neither of which existed at-the-time and both-of-which seem surprisingly active these days.

This is the wrong question. There really is not and to my knowledge never has been "hardware" RAID. Sure, you may have software running on a dedicated processor on a daughter card in your server --- but it's still software RAID.

But consider two things:

a) how is that controller card's CPU power compare to your multi-threaded main CPU? Consider that calculating parity isn't something that needs massive silicon to process.

b) The wins that systems like ZFS gain by combining RAID with the filesystem far outweigh any perceived benefit a hardware raid card could possibly provide.

But _KNOW_ that there is _NO_ true hardware RAID.

So... I have no skin in either KeePass' or NextCloud's game, but KeePass will save it's database via webdav, next cloud will accept that ... and I personally use this multidevice solution across Windows, Android, ipad, FreeBSD and linux. And if you already own a computer that's always on the internet --- you might be able to do this for yourself for free ... and you wouldn't be subject to a company's charge (or whim) for your authentications.

... should be obvious. I'm surprised I don't see any post thinking logically.

First define your threats. Two major classes of threat.
1. Oops (I deleted a file, excel corrupted a file, ransomware encrypted files)
2. Destruction of some sort.

For (1), ZFS and snapshots or some other filesystem that provides "time travel" like features is generally sufficient.

For (2) you need to further define things along the scale from "hardware failure" through to "asteroid hits the building" ... or wherever your level is. Then choose something that satisfies your threat level.

The most amusing, to me as a Canadian, is how wrong the scammers can get it. As an example, a recent script is along the lines of "A charge has been entered against your social insurance number by the Department of Justice. Failure to appear in front of the Magistrate Judge will... " (and so on).

Now... I'm pretty sure it's the same in America. If the law wants you, it's either someone at your door or at the very least a registered letter. Voicemail is not accepted as service of legal proceedings. So the bar is very low here. I'm also pretty sure you guys down there still use names for legal proceedings, not SINs... since some people without SINs would have business with the law.

Regardless, in Canada, there are neither Magistrate Judges nor would the Dept of Justice be the entity contacting you regarding a case. In Canada, it's "The Queen" vs. the alleged miscreant.

I get it. Scammer's gotta scam. This one's large enough that the Dept of Justice website currently has a top-of-fold blurb about it. Sigh.