Comment Re:Is that because of the monopoly? (Score 3, Informative) 86
Certainly the funding from the monopoly allowed the Labs to hire the best and turn them loose on problems that didn't have immediate potential. This translates to "get a bunch of PhDs in a room and turn them loose, pretty soon you have a world-beating operating system that will last for decades"
There are books by Labs people which give a pretty good picture of the atmosphere. Jon Gertner's "The Idea Factory" is one, Michael Noll's "Memories: A personal History of Bell Telephone Laboratories" is another.
Hire good people, guide them into creative work, and utilise the results. Contrast with Xerox PARC where the Corporate Overlords had a very restricted view of the business they thought they should be in.
Ultimately, The Telephone Company had a similar problem -- they had a huge capital investment in the telephone infrastructure and so were unable to pivot to the new data-centric world. Still, the remains of The Phone Company seem to be exploiting the same weakness as it applies to the old cable TV providers. I saw Verizon pulling new fiber cables down the main street of my home town. One might assume that it's for more Internet bandwidth.