Comment Moving Dimensions Theory to Replace String Theory (Score -1) 328
The Curious Nature of the Photon, Einstein's Annus Mirabilis,
and Moving Dimensions Theory
As the contemplation of the photon lead to both quantum mechanics and relativity, let us also begin by contemplating the photon. Einstein's revolutionary 1905 papers included one devoted to the photoelectric effect--the quantized nature of the photon, and another devoted to the electrodynamics of moving bodies--electromagnetic radiation, relativity, and the wave properties of the photon. Another paper discussed statistical mechanics in the form of Brownian Motion, and the final paper commented on the equivalence of mass and energy, as denoted with his famous equation, E=mc2. Moving Dimensions Theory underlies and unifies all of Einstein's 1905 papers with its simple postulate--the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.
Picture the emission of a photon in free space. Once second later, the photon has equal probability of being found anywhere upon a sphere with a radius of 186,000 miles, as c, the velocity of light, equals 186,000 miles per second. If we covered the surface of the sphere with detectors, one, and only one, would click. And the photon, although traveling 186,000 miles through space, will not have aged one iota, for time stops at the speed of light. The photon will have traveled 186,000 miles through the three spatial dimensions, and yet it will not have moved one iota in the fourth dimension. And there lies our first clue to moving dimensions theory. For how can a photon propagate 186,000 in the three spatial dimensions, and yet not budge an inch in the fourth dimension, unless that fourth dimension is expanding? Ergo, the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.
Consider two interacting photons that propagate in opposite directions. One second later, each photon's polarization is measured at detectors separated by 372,000 miles. According to the laws of quantum mechanics and numerous supporting experiments, the measurement at one detector instantaneously affects the measurement at the second detector. It is as if the photons are yet side-by-side for all intents and purposes. This "spooky action at a distance," as Einstein called it, is not so spooky in the context of moving dimensions theory, for MDT states that although separated by 372,000 miles, the photons are yet in the exact same place in the fourth dimension, as the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. So it is that quantum phenomena on the photonic level, as well as relativistic phenomena on the photonic level, are both accounted for with simple elegance via MDT: the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.
Another paper Einstein penned in 1905 was devoted to Brownian Motion and statistical mechanics. Drop a thimbleful of food coloring in a pool. The laws of statistical mechanics dictate that it will spread out throughout the entire pool, and never again reassemble in a localized region. That everything tends towards random disorder is a fundamental law of physics, and too, it can be accounted for by moving dimensions theory. As the fundamental motion of the universe is the expansion of the fourth dimension relative to the three spatial dimensions, two photons originating from a common origin will harbor a vast probability of being found at great distances from one another one second later--distances far greater than the distance that separates them at their emission. This is because each one has an equal probability of being found anywhere upon the surface of a spherically-symmetric wave front of probability, corresponding to the wave front of the fourth expanding dimension. Recall our system of detectors placed everywhere through the surface of a sphere with a radius of 186,000 miles--each photon has an equal chance of being found at any detector after one second, and chances are that the detectors will be farther apart than the distance of 0 that defines the photon's common origin. Hence entropy. Entropy arises because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. All particles undergoing thermal vibrations interact with photons, and all photons reside in the fourth expanding dimension, dragging all of entirety into random disorder.
Yet another paper published by Einstein in his "Miraculous Year" (anna mirablus), was devoted to the equivalence of mass and energy. Think about the fascinating physical reality implied by E=mc2. A kilogram of gold or lead or feathers sitting on a desktop is the same thing as 9x1016 joules of energy--an exorbitant amount of energy--enough to power, or to destroy, a major city. How is it that a stationary mass possesses such a great energy? It is because the mass, which is stationary in the three spatial dimensions, is yet propagating through the fourth dimension at the rate of c. This is because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions, and matter trapped in the fourth expanding dimension appears at photons. Furthermore, as noted earlier, the photons will propagate at the rate of c through the three spatial dimensions, and yet they will never age--they will stay in a fixed place in the fourth expanding dimension. The primary invariant is c--all matter and/or photons--be it propagating through space or time, or some combination thereof, always, always moves at the rate of c. To be stationary in space means to propagate at the rate of c through time. To be stationary in time means to propagate at the rate of c through space. This is because the fourth dimension is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions. Most objects share motion between space and time, but the overall velocity of propagation through space-time is fixed at c--this primary invariance can never change.
And so it is that Moving Dimensions Theory underlies and unifies the papers Einstein Published during his Annus Mirabilis--his "miraculous year." I highly recommend Harvard University Press's Einstein 1905: The Standard of Greatness (Hardcover) by John S. Rigden, about wchich Publisher's Weekly writes,
"The year 2005 will be the centenary of Einstein's annus mirabilis, when he published the five papers that marked him as one of the greatest scientists of all time. Washington University professor Rigden (Hydrogen: The Essential Element) sits readers down in front of his white board and explains what Einstein said in each of these papers, what was significant in them and how the scientific community reacted (not very well, in most cases--for a while). Einstein started off with a bang: in March he proposed that light was not a continuous wave, but was made up of particles. In April he finished what became his dissertation, on how to determine the size of molecules in a liquid (that may not sound very exciting, but this is one of Einstein's most cited papers). In May he wrote his paper on Brownian motion, and then in June came the summit of his achievements that year: the paper proposing his principles of relativity and the consistency of the speed of light (commonly known as the Special Theory of Relativity). Finally, almost as an afterthought, in September came the three-page paper that unleashed his now-famous equation, e=mc2, upon an unsuspecting world. Rigden writes with a rare felicity, free of jargon and with everyday metaphors that Einstein himself would no doubt have appreciated."
I encourage everyone to read Einstein's and Bohr's and Heisenberg's and Dirac's original papers, and contrast their majestic elegance, eloquence, reason, and logic to the snarky death threats and crackpot indexes manufactured by today's "best and brightest." This book looks back to the giants of yesteryear with deep honor and reverence, so that tomorrow's physics might advance in the spirit of simple Truth and Beauty. Every effort will be maintained to demonstrate that true physics is marked by grace and simplicity, as opposed to obfuscation and bullying. Moving Dimensions Theory is an idea whose time has come, and ideas are bulletproof.
http://physicsmathforums.com/
and Moving Dimensions Theory
As the contemplation of the photon lead to both quantum mechanics and relativity, let us also begin by contemplating the photon. Einstein's revolutionary 1905 papers included one devoted to the photoelectric effect--the quantized nature of the photon, and another devoted to the electrodynamics of moving bodies--electromagnetic radiation, relativity, and the wave properties of the photon. Another paper discussed statistical mechanics in the form of Brownian Motion, and the final paper commented on the equivalence of mass and energy, as denoted with his famous equation, E=mc2. Moving Dimensions Theory underlies and unifies all of Einstein's 1905 papers with its simple postulate--the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.
Picture the emission of a photon in free space. Once second later, the photon has equal probability of being found anywhere upon a sphere with a radius of 186,000 miles, as c, the velocity of light, equals 186,000 miles per second. If we covered the surface of the sphere with detectors, one, and only one, would click. And the photon, although traveling 186,000 miles through space, will not have aged one iota, for time stops at the speed of light. The photon will have traveled 186,000 miles through the three spatial dimensions, and yet it will not have moved one iota in the fourth dimension. And there lies our first clue to moving dimensions theory. For how can a photon propagate 186,000 in the three spatial dimensions, and yet not budge an inch in the fourth dimension, unless that fourth dimension is expanding? Ergo, the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.
Consider two interacting photons that propagate in opposite directions. One second later, each photon's polarization is measured at detectors separated by 372,000 miles. According to the laws of quantum mechanics and numerous supporting experiments, the measurement at one detector instantaneously affects the measurement at the second detector. It is as if the photons are yet side-by-side for all intents and purposes. This "spooky action at a distance," as Einstein called it, is not so spooky in the context of moving dimensions theory, for MDT states that although separated by 372,000 miles, the photons are yet in the exact same place in the fourth dimension, as the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. So it is that quantum phenomena on the photonic level, as well as relativistic phenomena on the photonic level, are both accounted for with simple elegance via MDT: the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.
Another paper Einstein penned in 1905 was devoted to Brownian Motion and statistical mechanics. Drop a thimbleful of food coloring in a pool. The laws of statistical mechanics dictate that it will spread out throughout the entire pool, and never again reassemble in a localized region. That everything tends towards random disorder is a fundamental law of physics, and too, it can be accounted for by moving dimensions theory. As the fundamental motion of the universe is the expansion of the fourth dimension relative to the three spatial dimensions, two photons originating from a common origin will harbor a vast probability of being found at great distances from one another one second later--distances far greater than the distance that separates them at their emission. This is because each one has an equal probability of being found anywhere upon the surface of a spherically-symmetric wave front of probability, corresponding to the wave front of the fourth expanding dimension. Recall our system of detectors placed everywhere through the surface of a sphere with a radius of 186,000 miles--each photon has an equal chance of being found at any detector after one second, and chances are that the detectors will be farther apart than the distance of 0 that defines the photon's common origin. Hence entropy. Entropy arises because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. All particles undergoing thermal vibrations interact with photons, and all photons reside in the fourth expanding dimension, dragging all of entirety into random disorder.
Yet another paper published by Einstein in his "Miraculous Year" (anna mirablus), was devoted to the equivalence of mass and energy. Think about the fascinating physical reality implied by E=mc2. A kilogram of gold or lead or feathers sitting on a desktop is the same thing as 9x1016 joules of energy--an exorbitant amount of energy--enough to power, or to destroy, a major city. How is it that a stationary mass possesses such a great energy? It is because the mass, which is stationary in the three spatial dimensions, is yet propagating through the fourth dimension at the rate of c. This is because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions, and matter trapped in the fourth expanding dimension appears at photons. Furthermore, as noted earlier, the photons will propagate at the rate of c through the three spatial dimensions, and yet they will never age--they will stay in a fixed place in the fourth expanding dimension. The primary invariant is c--all matter and/or photons--be it propagating through space or time, or some combination thereof, always, always moves at the rate of c. To be stationary in space means to propagate at the rate of c through time. To be stationary in time means to propagate at the rate of c through space. This is because the fourth dimension is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions. Most objects share motion between space and time, but the overall velocity of propagation through space-time is fixed at c--this primary invariance can never change.
And so it is that Moving Dimensions Theory underlies and unifies the papers Einstein Published during his Annus Mirabilis--his "miraculous year." I highly recommend Harvard University Press's Einstein 1905: The Standard of Greatness (Hardcover) by John S. Rigden, about wchich Publisher's Weekly writes,
"The year 2005 will be the centenary of Einstein's annus mirabilis, when he published the five papers that marked him as one of the greatest scientists of all time. Washington University professor Rigden (Hydrogen: The Essential Element) sits readers down in front of his white board and explains what Einstein said in each of these papers, what was significant in them and how the scientific community reacted (not very well, in most cases--for a while). Einstein started off with a bang: in March he proposed that light was not a continuous wave, but was made up of particles. In April he finished what became his dissertation, on how to determine the size of molecules in a liquid (that may not sound very exciting, but this is one of Einstein's most cited papers). In May he wrote his paper on Brownian motion, and then in June came the summit of his achievements that year: the paper proposing his principles of relativity and the consistency of the speed of light (commonly known as the Special Theory of Relativity). Finally, almost as an afterthought, in September came the three-page paper that unleashed his now-famous equation, e=mc2, upon an unsuspecting world. Rigden writes with a rare felicity, free of jargon and with everyday metaphors that Einstein himself would no doubt have appreciated."
I encourage everyone to read Einstein's and Bohr's and Heisenberg's and Dirac's original papers, and contrast their majestic elegance, eloquence, reason, and logic to the snarky death threats and crackpot indexes manufactured by today's "best and brightest." This book looks back to the giants of yesteryear with deep honor and reverence, so that tomorrow's physics might advance in the spirit of simple Truth and Beauty. Every effort will be maintained to demonstrate that true physics is marked by grace and simplicity, as opposed to obfuscation and bullying. Moving Dimensions Theory is an idea whose time has come, and ideas are bulletproof.
http://physicsmathforums.com/
