They may have invented TCP/IP, but not "on a computer". So I call this prior art invalid.
You should say "prior aNt"
Science is about explaining things, not cataloging facts.
Wrong! Science is as much about cataloging facts as explaining things. Any good science begins with cataloging - how the hell will you know what to explain otherwise???
My problem with that is that we're still working on the assumption that you need to memorize those enzymes.
Why?
Happy to say - in some fields of science memorization of certain things and ability to recall them are integral part of any work performed in there. So is most of the flavors of biology - if you want to work out certain kinds of biological processes you need to have the grasp of a certain list of enzymes. If you don't, it's like trying to write a code without knowing the language's operators and functions -- if that makes for an easier analogy for you.
In some fields you just need to learn a dozen programming language operators; in some fields it takes a score of enzyme names. The purpose of requiring the students to learn those things is not for them to remember all the digestive enzymes, but to work out an approach and habit that they will need to pursue this kind of work, biology or medicine.
Imagine if your doctor had no clue about the list of medicines and their properties available on the market (and that is _vast_); that'd be a disaster for you.
If you have N-way entanglement you need to measure all N-1 particles to determine if the one you caught is fast or not, it works the other way around, not #particles/N but #particles*(N-1)/N. The two way split is the optimal in this sense.
And moreover there was a nice analogy here about a pair of billiard balls being hit by an incoming ball of unknown energy and broken into a pair, one billiard balls is then measured and the other is "caught" by the Demon; by the conservation of energy/momentum you can still tell if the caught ball is fast or not from what you get out of your measured ball. However, just as this system is completely classical and so presumably obeys the laws of thermodynamics, there is nothing new in the mentioned paper other than a fancy word "entanglement".
The departments where people only do research that is guaranteed to work are usually the weaker ones. Good research addresses problems where the solution isn't known, where there are only some approximate ideas about what it may be, and where failure is likely. A big problem in academia today is exactly the attitude in your post - that people who do research that may fail should be penalised.
FULLY SUBSCRIBE TO THAT... and btw, historically, the only effect of "focusing research on the problems that will benefit economy" was to hurt the economy but what would you expect from politicians, knowledge of history?
... We keep bases all around the world, protecting everybody, so that they don't have to spend their own money on a military
That's how you keep other people under without having to fire a shot... in the end --- it comes out to be a lot cheaper than shooting. It's not 1955 anymore!
Adding features does not necessarily increase functionality -- it just makes the manuals thicker.