You can likewise get "any" bandwidth from any other connector too, but without the lossiness of the analog signal. The "VGA" signal itself is just really analog RGB with h/vsync and optional EDID information. Nothing specific about that either. There are also hard limits on what you can push through a setup like that. Definitely less information in most cases than on the more modern digital video buses. A spec defines only the minimum a specification-compatible device should support, just like in the case of VGA, every VGA card should be able to output at least 640x480@60Hz, just like a single-link DVI should be able to drive at least 1920x1200@60Hz, but there are really no limits on that design either, it's just up to cabling there too before the signal-to-noise ratio becomes too bad. HDMI itself is practically the same as DVI, but with added encryption and audio signals. Newer-spec HDMI ports can be still used as "over-spec" clocked single-link DVI ports with just passive adapters that wire one type of connector to another, which is useful for monitors like the IBM T221, which supports much higher bandwidths than regular single-link DVI can provide, but older versions of it didn't support dual-link DVI either, because it wasn't specified yet back then.
D-Sub itself doesn't mean anything specific. It's just a short for "D-subminiature" type of of connector. In the case of VGA is the horribly designed connector with 15 pins crammed in the footprint where a typical D-connector would have 9 pins (like on rs232 com-ports on legacy PC's and atari joystick ports). If you want to call the connector something, at least use the full name, D-sub-15, because there are all kinds of pin counts for D-sub connectors as well as regular D-connectors. A dense setup worsens the signal quality somewhat due to cross-talk (results in ghosting on the screen) and makes the connector itself weaker than in would otherwise be. It's not rare to get an occasional bent pin on the connector, because it doesn't really take any effort. Regular D15 connectors were used on at least the old-school Macs for their RGB output. Other systems used other connectors, ranging from some really exotic ones to just plain multiple BNC connectors. On legacy PC's the same regular D15 connector type was common for the (analog) joystick port.