Reread the Fourth Amendment; it doesn't say that searches have to be accompanied by a warrant, only that searches and seizures must be reasonable, and that, when warrants are issued, they must be supported by probable cause:
“The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.”
That "web of laws and rulings" you so despise is what requires, as a general principle, a warrant in order for a search to be reasonable.
As for the rest of your post, it's clear you haven't thought through the implications of having each case turn on a blank-slate interpretation of the Constitution as it applies to a particular set of facts. Instead of having laws and rulings to support one's case, a person would instead only be able to appeal to a particular judge's reading of broad language. Forget uniformity throughout the legal system: you'd be lucky to get uniformity from a single judge.