You need to read more about Native American stewardship of the land, since you are obviously reading the wrong sources. And you missed my point. Native Americans revered the land and the flora and fauna in the various ecosystems. They did not leave nature alone, but they managed it wisely. They used localized burns to create more grazing area for bison, and they managed the fish populations well without overfishing. In a nutshell, they melded with the ecosystems in ways that often benefited both.

The point you missed was that Western culture has always been about exploitation of nature and other people. Western culture always considered nature to be alien and dangerous. It needed to be subjugated, just like other peoples. That is the mentality that has led to so many invasive species, to so many destroyed habitats, so many lost species.

But I do agree that the advent of capitalism, urbanization and technology has led to the current state of affairs with extreme habitat loss, invasive species and extinction. There isn't much time left to deal with the declining fisheries, and the consumptive instincts of Western couture don't bode well for future prospects.

Not all humans screwed things up. Native Americans managed the entire continent sustainably and very well for thousands of years before European "settlers" arrived. Those were the same "settlers" that wiped out many species of animals as they ate their way across the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. The number of species lost is unknown because people mostly were interested in how they tasted, and if you read old ship logs, that becomes very apparent.

Trying to tix things with technology, including genetic technology, won't make anything better, at least in the short term. The only thing that will work right now is to expand and support the various efforts to save endangered species and their habitats. That needs to be done right now. You can't fix the wholesale habitat destruction with technology or genetics, you can only fix it with old fashioned work to repair and protect. This is especially true for fisheries, which are on their last legs. Huge sections of the oceans need to be put permanently off limits to fishing so that stocks can replenish and natural ecosystems can recover.

Western culture is what is killing the world, and you can't use that same mindset to fix things now. You need to stop the destruction and start the repair.

You know that the interglacials are about 20K years in length, and we are there now. It is not like interglacial periods go on forever. Recent ice ages have averaged about 100K years, and interglacials about 20K. To suggest that CO2 levels in the atmosphere have no bearing on where temperatures go is to deny all of the science. So you were modded down by people who are being more honest than you. The world temperature has been tracking the rise in CO2 rather nicely with a few deviations. Since we are supposed to be reasonably well informed here at /., the question is why are you so contrary to the science? What is your agenda? Are you shilling for big oil without getting any compensation? That would be funny.

I build all my own, and my oldest is still running, made in 2000. It had a motherboard and CPU upgrade about 5 years later, so that doesn't really count as a 23 year old computer. I made my main current work computer in 2010 and it is running strong (Intel i7 980X extreme). It is still on Windows 7 for compatibility with older scientific software that I use. My current gaming computer is only around a year and a half old (Ryzen 9 5900X). I haven't had a computer die on me since the 1990s. All built with retail parts, and I replace the thermal paste every 5 to 6 years.

Checking for accuracy and challenging their numbers can be done in an online form at the IRS and everyone knows it. There is absolutely no need for everyone to have to do all that paperwork since all of the documents come from corporations and the government. Obviously the situation for corporations and the wealthy is different, but for most Americans that use tax filing software, there is no need to this archaic, time consuming and costly system.

Another fake US industry invented to screw over working people while making money for corporations and their owners/investors. The US government knows more about the money I make than I do. They send me all the documents on it, then I have to put numbers they send me on a page and send it back to them. For crying out loud, they had the documents all along!! They don't need me to put them on another piece of paper and send it back.

Funny how everyone here is getting modded Troll for talking about obvious things, like the fact that the US even said it was going to end the pipeline before it got destroyed. The modders are having a bit of cognitive dissonance.

The US government assessments get more absurd all the time, with the balloon incident literally being the dumbest thing I can remember them claiming (other than perhaps Russia blew up its own pipeline). Credibility of the government is at zero and dropping. Unfortunately, the prospects for any decent candidate running for president in the next election is also zero and dropping.

Interesting, I am in neuroscience and I rarely run into that situation, and when I do, I know that the authors are not good scientists. Obviously you can't write highly technical papers for a general, non-science audience, but I find most science articles to be relatively easy to read and comprehend. There is of course the situation where English is not the first language of the authors, so the writing is awkward, but usually still quite understandable. I rarely see articles in good journals that are written in an obscure style that is difficult to understand.

Yes, some amino acid sequences are more immunogenic than others, this is sorted out by antigen presenting cells who take up and digest exterior proteins, and then present specific amino acid sequences from them on their surface, in conjunction with other surface proteins. So the peptidase systems in these antigen presenting cells can determine which proteins are responded to, and that may be an interesting dataset that could be fed into the AI system to not just focus on protein function, but also on limiting the use of peptide sequences that are known to be immunogenic.

Look up enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). When you inject foreign proteins they elicit an immune response. This is why researchers PEGylate proteins that they use for ERT.

A whole bunch of things can go wrong, but the more interesting question is how they will use them, and how will they avoid immune responses to what are basically foreign proteins. These won't be integrated into anyone's genome, they will be used as "biologics" to treat or cure diseases. So if you inject these into people, let's say to correct some protein deficiency, or to remove plaque from artery walls, you need to make sure the immune system doesn't just attack it and make antibodies. One way is to PEGylate the protein (add polyethylene glycol chains to the protein surface) which will partially mask it from surveillance without affecting the protein's function (hopefully). But it could work if you knew what the problem actually was (as opposed to having some hypotheses), and what kind of protein and delivery would fix it.

First off, you are right, antibodies have limited access to the brain parenchyma.(getting past the blood brain barrier (BBB) and into the intercellular space). But apparently some of it does, or you wouldn't have any effect (including increased chance for bleeding in the brain). The brain is a so-called immune privileged site which means that microglia are mostly on their own in defending the brain against infection or other problems. But, if you have a bad brain infection the BBB opens up and you get diapedesis of white blood cells into the brain (lots of macrophages plus a few others). But that is not what is happening in Alzheimer disease. You just have lots of non-functional proteins building up and causing damage (ER stress especially, which screws up de novo protein synthesis). At the point where the excess, non-functional protein has already built up, the damage is already done, and will accelerate. Since protein clearance from the brain is mostly done while sleeping, I would think lots of extra sleep would work better than an antibody. Anything that could speed up proteosomal or lysosomal degradation of proteins would also theoretically be helpful.

Folks can call it what they want, but drugs typically activate or inhibit a receptor, channel, enzyme or other functional protein. They do not just bind to some other protein like antibodies do. Yes, once bound they would attract microglia to the misfolded protein, but that is an antibody function, not a drug. I am sticking with my point that antibodies are large proteins, not drugs. You were correct, people should call them antibodies, since that is what they are. But of course, if you are a drug company, and you want patients to think they are getting a drug, then you might want to call antibodies a drug.

I am a neuroscientist who specializes in antibodies. They are not drugs, unless of course you are a pharmaceutical company trying to make money on something that won't work. What are your qualifications? Antibodies are very large proteins that bind to specific other proteins or small molecules to target them for immune reaction. And no, I would not take that monoclonal antibody if I got dementia, but you are welcome to. Any treatment for Alzheimer is going to require drugs that prevent the misfolding of proteins. You can't just inject an antibody and expect it to fix all those misfolded proteins in the brain after the fact. But I understand the extremely antagonistic attitudes of most people here at /., including you. Why not have a normal discussion instead of trying to put people down?