Alternatives to R

OpenRefine (previously Google Refine), is a powerful tool to work with messy data. It can clean it, transform it into another format, and extend it with web services or external data. OpenRefine keeps your data secure on your computer until you share it or collaborate with others. Unless you wish it to, your private data will never leave your computer. It works by installing a small server on your computer. You then use your web browser for interaction with it. OpenRefine allows you to explore large data sets easily. Watch the video below to learn more about this functionality. OpenRefine can link and extend your data with many webservices. OpenRefine can also upload your cleaned data to Wikidata.

IBM® SPSS® Statistics software is used by a variety of customers to solve industry-specific business issues to drive quality decision-making. The IBM® SPSS® software platform offers advanced statistical analysis, a vast library of machine learning algorithms, text analysis, open-source extensibility, integration with big data and seamless deployment into applications. Its ease of use, flexibility and scalability make SPSS accessible to users of all skill levels. What’s more, it’s suitable for projects of all sizes and levels of complexity, and can help you find new opportunities, improve efficiency and minimize risk.

We provide the computational paradigm. The Wolfram Language gives you access to computing power at an unprecedented level. It does this by leveraging built-in computational intelligence that is based on a variety of algorithms and real-world information, which has been carefully accumulated over three decades. The Wolfram Language can scale for small and large programs, and it can be deployed on-premises or in the cloud. The Wolfram Language is based on clear principles and a unified symbolic framework. It is now the most productive programming language in the world and the first real computational communication language for humans or AI.

Definitive functions are the heart of extensible programming. Python supports keyword arguments, mandatory and optional arguments, as well as arbitrary argument lists. It doesn't matter if you are a beginner or an expert programmer, Python is easy to learn. Python is easy to learn, whether you are a beginner or an expert in other languages. These pages can be a helpful starting point to learn Python programming. The community hosts meetups and conferences to share code and much more. The documentation for Python will be helpful and the mailing lists will keep in touch. The Python Package Index (PyPI), hosts thousands of third-party Python modules. Both Python's standard library and the community-contributed modules allow for endless possibilities.

BASIC (Beginners' All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a group of high-level, general-purpose programming languages that are designed to be easy to use. BASIC was initially designed to support simple mathematical operations. Matrix arithmetic was supported from its first implementation as a batch-language, and character strings were added in 1965. BASIC was born out of a larger movement towards time-sharing. Some dialects of BASIC support matrices and matrix-based operations that can be used to solve a set of simultaneous linear algebraic problems. These dialects directly supported matrix operations like assignment, addition, multiplicand (of compatible matrix types) and evaluation of a determinate. In the 1990s, BASIC's popularity declined as more powerful computers were introduced and advanced programming languages (such as Pascal or C) were made available.

ndCurveMaster, a specialized curve fitting software, is designed to fit curves with multiple variables. It automatically applies nonlinear equations to your datasets. These can be observed or measured values. The software supports curve and surfaces fitting in 2D 3D 4D 5D ..., dimensions. ndCurveMaster is able to handle any data, no matter how complex or how many variables there are. ndCurveMaster, for example, can efficiently derive the optimal equations for a dataset that has six inputs (x1-x6) and a corresponding output Y. For example: Y = a0 - a1 - exp(x1)0.5 + a2 ln(x2)8... + a6 x65.2 to accurately match measured value. ndCurveMaster uses machine learning numerical methods to automatically fit the most suitable nonlinear regression function to your dataset, and discover the relationships between inputs and outputs. This tool supports various curve fitting methods, including linear, polynomial, and nonlinear methods. It also utilizes essential validation and goodness-of-fit tests to ensure accuracy. Additionally, ndCurveMaster provides advanced assessments, such as detecting overfitting and multicollinearity, using tools like the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) and the Pearson correlation matrix.

MATLAB®, a combination of a desktop environment for iterative analysis, design processes, and a programming language that expresses matrix or array mathematics directly, is MATLAB®. It also includes the Live Editor, which allows you to create scripts that combine output, code, and formatted text in an executable notebook. MATLAB toolboxes have been professionally developed, tested and documented. MATLAB apps allow you to see how different algorithms interact with your data. You can repeat the process until you get the results you desire. Then, MATLAB will automatically generate a program to replicate or automate your work. With minor code changes, you can scale your analyses to run on GPUs, clusters, and clouds. You don't need to rewrite any code or learn big-data programming and other out-of-memory methods. Convert MATLAB algorithms automatically to C/C++ and HDL to run on your embedded processor/FPGA/ASIC. Simulink works with MATLAB to support Model-Based Design.

AMPL is an intuitive and powerful modeling language that can be used to solve complex optimization problems. It allows users to create mathematical models using a syntax that closely resembles algebraic notation. This facilitates a clear and concise presentation of variables, constraints, and objectives. AMPL supports many different types of problems, including linear and nonlinear programming as well as mixed-integer programs. Its ability to separate data and models allows for flexibility and scalability when handling large-scale issues. The platform integrates seamlessly with a variety of solvers both commercial and free, giving users the flexibility to select the best solver for their needs. AMPL is compatible with Windows, macOS and Linux and offers a variety of licensing options.

TLA+ is an advanced language for modeling systems and programs, especially those that are concurrent and distributed. It is based on the notion that simple mathematics are the best way to describe something precisely. TLA+'s tools can help eliminate fundamental design errors that are difficult to detect and costly to fix in code.

A simple-to-use data analysis/visualization environment built on the powerful, fast, and efficient GAUSS Matrix Programming Language. From prototype to production: Integrate custom GAUSS analytics into enterprise or web-applications. You can create custom programs that extend the GAUSS platform into the areas of econometrics and finance. As fast as you can write with a pen and paper, you can code ideas and techniques directly from the GAUSS journals. The GAUSS matrix language allows you to bring cutting-edge math, statistics, and machine learning to life. GAUSS is the result of more than 30 years of innovation and refinement in efficient, native code. This, combined with our optimizing compilers and modern threading capabilities allows you to get answers faster than the competition.

Prolog is a logic language that is associated with artificial intelligence (AI) and computational linguistics. Prolog's roots are in first-order formal logic. Unlike many other programming languages Prolog is primarily intended as a declarative language. The program logic is expressed as relations, represented by facts and rules. The computation is started by running a query on these relations. Prolog is one of the earliest logic programming languages. It remains the most popular today, with many free and commercial implementations. The language is used for natural language processing, theorem-proving, expert systems and term rewriting. Modern Prolog environments allow for the creation of graphical interfaces as well as administrative applications and networked applications.

Scheme is a general-purpose programming language for computers. It is a high level language that supports operations on structured data like strings, lists, vectors, and numbers, as well as operations with more traditional data like numbers and characters. Although Scheme is often associated with symbolic applications, it has a rich set of data types that can be used to create complex control structures and a wide range of other data types. Scheme can be used to create text editors, optimize compilers and graphics packages, expert system, numerical applications, financial analysis programs, virtual reality systems, as well as operating systems, graphics, expert systems, operating systems, graphics, expert systems, operating systems, graphic packages, optimization systems, programming languages, and other types of applications. Because it is based only on a few syntactic forms, semantic concepts, and because most implementations are interactive, Scheme is easy to learn. It is difficult to fully understand Scheme.

Perl is a powerful, feature-rich programming language that has been in development for over 30 years. Perl is a powerful, feature-rich programming language that has been in development for over 30 years. Perl can be used on more than 100 platforms, from mainframes to portables. It is well-suited for rapid prototyping as well as large-scale development projects. "Perl" is a language family. "Raku", formerly "Perl 6", is a part of this family. However, it is a separate language with its own development team. Its existence does not have any impact on the development of Perl. Perl has powerful tools to process text, making it ideal for working in HTML, XML and other mark-up languages. Perl can handle encrypted Web data including e-commerce transactions.

C, a programming language that was created in 1972, is still very popular and widely used today. C is a general-purpose imperative and procedural language. The C language is used to create a variety of software and applications. This includes operating systems, code compilers, databases, and many more.

XAML can be used as a declarative markup language. XAML is a declarative markup language that can be applied to the.NET Core programming system. It makes it easier to create a UI for a.NET Core application. You can create visible UI elements using the declarative XAML Markup. Then, you can separate the UI definition and the run-time logic using code-behind file that is joined to the markup via partial class definitions. XAML represents the instantiation objects in a set of backing types that are defined in assemblies. This is in contrast to other markup languages that are interpreted languages without a direct connection to a backing types system. XAML allows for a workflow that allows two parties to work together on the UI and logic of an app using different tools. XAML files can be represented as text and have the.xaml extension. You can encode the files using any XML encoding but UTF-8 is most common.

Fortran was designed from the ground up to support computationally intensive applications in engineering and science. You can write code that runs fast and close to the metal with mature and battle-tested libraries and compilers. Fortran is statically and heavily typed. This allows the compiler to catch programming errors early. This allows the compiler generate efficient binary code. Fortran is a small language that is easy to learn and use. It is easy to express most mathematical and arithmetic operations on large arrays by simply writing them out on a whiteboard. Fortran is a natively parallel programming languages that uses intuitive array-like syntax to exchange data between CPUs. It is possible to run almost identical code on one CPU, on a shared memory multicore system or on a distributed-memory HPC system or cloud-based system.

You can add complex interactivity to your application using the ActionScript®, scripting language. It also allows you to control playback and display data. ActionScript can be added to the authoring environment using the Actions Panel, Script Window, or an external Editor. ActionScript has its own syntax rules and reserved keywords. It also lets you store and retrieve data using variables. ActionScript comes with a large built-in library of classes that allow you to create objects for many useful tasks. You don't have to know every ActionScript element before you can start scripting. You can build scripts using simple actions if you have a goal in mind. Both ActionScript and JavaScript have their roots in the ECMA-262 international standard for ECMAScript. Developers who are familiarized with JavaScript will find ActionScript familiar. Animate offers more than one ActionScript version to meet the requirements of different types of developers.

X# is an open source development language for.NET that is based on xBase. There are many flavors available, including Core, Visual Objects and Vulcan.NET. xBase++ is Harbour, Foxpro and more. Roslyn, an open-source architecture that powers the Microsoft Visual Basic and Microsoft C# compilers, has been used to build X#. A new options page has been added (tools/options/text edit/X#). This allows you to control the suggestions that the editor will make in the "general code completion list". After a colon or a dot, code completion will show namespaces and types as well as members. Code completion after AS or IS will display types and namespaces. Several preprocessor fixes have been made to make the preprocessor compatible with FoxPro++ and Xbase++. We also added #if and #stdout command. To improve compatibility with Visual Objects and FoxPro, we made several small changes to the RDD system.

Assembly language is a low level computer programming language that can be used to control the hardware of a computer. It is composed of symbols and words that are specific instructions for the processor. Assembly language is used to optimize programs written using higher-level languages. It can be more efficient to access memory and other resources.

PowerShell is a cross platform task automation and configuration management framework. It consists of a command-line shell as well as a scripting language. PowerShell, unlike other shells that accept and return text, is built on top the.NET Common Language Runtime. (CLR) and accepts and returns.NET object. This fundamental change introduces new tools and methods of automation. PowerShell cmdlets can deal with objects, rather than traditional command-line interfaces. An object is structured information, which is more than the string of characters displayed on the screen. Command output always contains additional information that you can access if you require it. You'll notice a difference in how text-processing tools behave in PowerShell if you've previously used them to process data. To extract specific information, you don’t usually need text-processing software. You can directly access parts of the data by using standard PowerShell object syntax.

The new generation Pascal programming language combines classic Pascal's simplicity with many modern extensions and the wide-ranging capabilities of Microsoft.NET Framework. IDE that is free, simple, and powerful. Built-in form designer allows for rapid development Windows desktop applications. Get the latest version PascalABC.NET with a built-in form designer. There are many extensions to the Pascal language: the foreach operator and in-block variable definitions. Auto type deduction in variable declarations. Simplified syntax of units. A new operator for object construction. Anonymous classes, auto-classes. BigIntegers. Modern programming language features include n-dimensional dynamic arrays and generics, interfaces. Operator overloading, exceptions. garbage collection, and lambda statements. IDE that integrates debugger, IntelliSense, code templates, auto-formatting, and code templates.

Racket is an all-purpose multi-paradigm language. It is a descendant and modern dialect of Lisp. It is a platform that allows developers to create domain-specific languages and general-purpose programming languages. Racket's language core includes features like macros, modules and lexical closures. It also has delimited continuations (fluid variables), green threads and OS threads. The language comes with primitives such as event space and custodians that control resource management. This allows the language to act as an operating system by loading and managing other applications. The powerful macro system can be used to create further extensions to the language. This system, along with the module system and customized parsers, controls all aspects of the language. Racket implements most language constructs as macros.

Each expression in Haskell is assigned a type at compile time. All types that are combined by function application must match. The compiler will reject the program if they don't match up. Types are not only a guarantee, but also a language to express the construction of programs. Haskell functions are mathematical functions (i.e. "pure") in every instance. Even side-effecting IO operation are just a description of what to accomplish, and are produced by pure code. There are no instructions or statements, only expressions that can't mutate variables (local and global) or access state such as time or random numbers. You don't need to write every type in Haskell programs. Types can be inferred by unifying each type bidirectionally. You can however write out types or ask the compiler for them to be written for you.

C# (also pronounced "See Sharp"), is a modern, object oriented and type-safe programming language. C# allows developers to create many types of secure, robust applications that run in.NET. C# is rooted in the C family languages and will be familiar to JavaScript, C++, Java and JavaScript programmers. This tour will give you an overview of the main components of C# 8 or earlier. C# is an object-oriented and component-oriented programming language. C# supports these concepts directly with language constructs. This makes C# an easy language to create and use software components. C# has been evolving over time to support new software design practices and workloads. C# is an object-oriented programming language. You can define types and their behavior.

Mercury is a fully-code-compatible implementation of BASIC that can be used with Microsoft Visual Basic.NET™. It also takes the language to the next level and opens up new possibilities. Mercury will allow you to use your existing VB.NET projects as well as your Visual Basic™, language experience to create code for any modern target platform. Mercury code can be mixed with any of the five Elements languages within the same project. Our development environments will integrate Mercury language. You can create your projects using our lightweight IDEs Water on Windows and Fire on Mac. They have project templates, code completion, integrated bugging for all platforms, and many more advanced development features. Visual Studio™, 2017, 2019 and 2022 will integrate Mercury. All languages can be used with Elements. You can mix Mercury, C# Swift, Java, Java, Oxygene, and Go within the same project.

Leaner Style sheets, or Less, is a backward-compatible language extension for CSS. This document contains the official documentation for Less.js, the JavaScript utility that converts your Less style to CSS styles. It is easy to learn because Less looks exactly like CSS. It only adds a few useful features to the CSS language. This is why it is so easy to learn. Mixins allow you to include ("mix in") properties from different rule-sets into another. You can use nesting in conjunction with cascading or instead.

Common Lisp, a modern multi-paradigm, high performance, compiled, ANSI standard, most prominent (alongside Scheme) descendant from the long-running Lisp family of programming languages, is the modern, multiparadigm, high performing, compiled, ANSI standardized, most prominent (alongside Scheme). Common Lisp is well-known for its flexibility, excellent support for object-oriented programming, and rapid prototyping capabilities. Common Lisp also features a powerful macro system that allows for you to tailor the language to your applications. It also has a flexible runtime environment that allows modification of running programs and debugging (excellent for server-side programming and critical software). It supports multiple paradigms, so you can choose the right approach for your application.

IronPython, an open-source implementation for the Python programming language, is tightly integrated with.NET. IronPython is compatible with.NET and Python libraries. Other.NET languages can also use Python code. With Python Tools for Visual Studio, you can have a more interactive.NET/Python development experience. IronPython, a great addition to.NET that gives Python developers the power of.NET, is a great addition to.NET. IronPython is also available to existing.NET developers. It can be used as a fast, expressive scripting language for writing, testing, and embedding new applications. The CLR is an excellent platform for creating programming languages. The DLR makes it even better for dynamic languages. The.NET (base library, presentation foundation, and so on) is a great tool for developers. Developers have access to a lot of functionality and power through the.NET (base class library, presentation foundation, etc.) IronPython uses Python syntax, standard libraries, and your Python code will need updating accordingly.

Unlambda can be described as a programming language. There is nothing extraordinary there. Unlambda's uniqueness is its unexpected intersection of two marginal languages. Functional programming languages are a group that includes Scheme (a Lisp dialect). This means that the primary object that is manipulated by the language, and indeed the only one for Unlambda, is the function. Unlambda, on the other hand, uses a functional approach in programming. Functions are the only objects it can manipulate. Each function takes a function and returns it. Unlambda has many built-in functions, including a binary "apply", which returns a function. The most important are the K and S combinators. Unlambda doesn't have variables so user-definable functions can be created but not saved or named.

GameMaker's proprietary scripting language, the GameMaker Language (or simply GML), is the GameMaker GameMaker Language. This language is designed to allow users to create games in an intuitive and flexible manner, while still offering all the power of major programming languages. It can also be used with GML Visual if necessary. Each event has its own tab within the editor. You can edit, delete, or add code to them at any moment (for more information about events, see Object Events). The code must have a basic structure. It can contain resource indices and variables, functions, expressions or keywords. All of these are explained in the sections below. It is recommended that beginners to programming or those who are making the transition from GML Visual start with the page on basic structure. Next, read through the pages in this section and then test your code within GameMaker.

It is dynamic, while offering a programming model that supports efficient machine code generation. This includes fine-grained control of dynamic and static behaviors. This document describes the Open Dylan implementation, including a core set Dylan libraries and a library interchange mechanism. The core libraries include many language extensions, a threads interface and object finalization and printing and output formatting module. There are also modules that provide an interface to operating system features like the file system, time, date information, and foreign function interfaces.

Objective-C is the primary programming language that you use to create software for iOS and OS X. It's a superset the C programming language, and provides object-oriented capabilities as well as a dynamic runtime. Objective-C inherits C's syntax, primitive types and flow control statements. It also adds syntax for creating classes and methods. It adds language-level support to object graph management and object literals. Additionally, dynamic typing and binding are provided. Many responsibilities are deferred until runtime. You will spend most of your time building apps for iOS or OS X using objects. These objects are Objective-C classes that you can create yourself or Cocoa Touch.

Zig is a general purpose programming language and toolchain that allows you to maintain robust, optimal, and reusable software. Instead of worrying about your programming language knowledge, focus on debugging the application. A new approach to metaprogramming that relies on compile-time execution and lazy evaluation No hidden control flow. There are no hidden memory allocations. No preprocessor, no macros. Any function can be called at compile-time You can manipulate types as values with no runtime overhead. Comptime imitates the target architecture. Zig is a zero-dependency drop-in C/C++ compiler, which supports cross-compilation right out-of the box. Use zig build to ensure consistency across platforms. You can add a Zig compilation unit into C/C++ projects. Cross-language LTO is automatically enabled.

The computer language was designed to program embedded and real-time applications. It is now available for development on Windows, DOS, as well as Unix variants that include macOS. Cross-compilers for Forth, which are commercially available, produce highly optimized code that runs on a variety microprocessors. They also prove themselves to be very adept in custom-hardware environments. Forth is a high level programming language. However, most versions include an assembly language. Software tools are often included in fourth-system providers to allow application code to make the most of system resources. Forth is interactive. It allows you to develop modular, well-tested code in a shorter time frame. It can also lead to very concise code. Programmers aren't used to languages that are concise, direct, and (apparently) simple. Forth is known for its speed of development, lean code and outstanding performance.

Pine Script® is TradingView’s programming language. It allows traders to build their own trading tools, and run them on TradingView's servers. Pine Script®, a lightweight but powerful language, is designed to allow you to create indicators and strategies for backtesting. Pine Script® is used to create most of TradingView's indicators. Our thriving community has created more than 100,000 scripts. Our goal is to make Pine Script®, as accessible and understandable as possible for the widest audience. Pine Script®, being cloud-based, is different from client-side languages. Pine Script®, while not a full-fledged programming language, is constantly improved and we are always open to new feature requests. We must set limits because each script uses computing resources in the cloud.

Small Basic is the only programming language that was specifically designed to assist students in moving from block-based coding into text-based. Small Basic teaches the basics of syntax-based languages in a friendly way, giving students the confidence and skills to tackle more complex programming languages like Java and C#. Small Basic can be used to create applications for Kinect and other devices such as the Lego Mindstorm, Raspberry Pi or Arduino, Oculus Rift and many more. Small Basic offers a friendly environment, a simple language, and rich and engaging libraries to make your games and programs pop! You can create your own game in just a few lines. You can share your programs with friends. They can import your published programs to run them on their own computers. You can post your games to your own websites or blogs and then play them in the browser using the Silverlight player.

OCaml is a general purpose, industrial-strength language for programming. It focuses on safety and expressiveness. OCaml's powerful types system allows for more bugs to be caught at compile time. This makes it easier to maintain large, complex codebases. This makes it a great language for running critical code. The type system is unobtrusive thanks to sophisticated inference, which creates a pleasant developer experience. The bytecode compiler generates small executables that are portable and very fast. The second is a native compiler that produces machine code more efficiently and performs to the same level as modern compilers. OCaml supports the most popular editors. VS Code is recommended to beginners. Emacs and Vim are integrated with VS Code for advanced users. OCaml is a vibrant community with best-in-class tools.

Nix is a tool which takes a unique approach in package management and system configuration. Learn how to create reliable, reproducible, declarative systems. Nix creates packages isolated from each other. This makes them reproducible and doesn't have undeclared dependency. So if a package is working on one machine, it will also on the other. Nix makes it easy to share development and build environments with your projects regardless of the programming languages or tools you use. Nix makes sure that other packages are not broken by installing or upgrading one package. It allows you to rollback to previous versions and ensures no package is in an unaligned state during an update. Nix is a functional package manager. It treats packages as values in pure functional programming languages like Haskell. Packages are built using functions that have no side effects and never change after they are built.

Nim is a statically-typed compiled systems programming languages. It combines the best concepts of mature languages such as Ada, Python, and Modula. Nim generates native dependencies-free executables that are not dependent on a virtual computer. They are small and can be redistributed easily. Nim's memory management, which is deterministic and customizable, has destructors and moves semantics that are inspired by C++/Rust. It is well-suited to embedded, hard-realtime applications. Modern concepts such as zero-overhead iterators, compile-time evaluations of user-defined functions, and the preference for value-based datatypes on the stack make code extremely performant. It supports multiple backends: it can compile to C, C++, JavaScript so that Nim is available for all frontend and backend needs.

PureScript is an entirely functional, strongly-typed programming language that compiles JavaScript. It allows developers to create robust web applications, mobile apps, and web servers using functional programming techniques. PureScript has features like algebraic data types and pattern matching. It also offers row polymorphism. The language emphasizes pure functions and strong static typing to ensure code reliability and maintainability. Developers can compile PureScript into readable JavaScript to facilitate seamless integration with existing JavaScript codes. The ecosystem includes a large collection of libraries, excellent tools, and editor support, including instant rebuilds. A vibrant community offers a variety of learning resources including the PureScript book which provides practical projects for beginners.

Vala is a programming language that uses modern high-level abstractions and does not impose additional runtime requirements. Vala can be used in many other situations where native binaries are needed. More. GNOME Discourse is available for general discussion and developer discussions. For questions and discussions with developers, you can also join the Vala Matrix channel. Vala is a cross-platform development tool that includes third party distributions that provide binaries for Windows, macOS Linux, BSDs, and other platforms.

AutoIt v3 a freeware BASIC-like programming language that automates the Windows GUI and general scripting. It simulates keystrokes, mouse movement, window/control manipulation, and other language-specific features to automate tasks in a way that is not possible or reliable with other languages. To find the best editor for AutoIt, we looked at several editors. SciTE was discovered by us and we created a custom Lexer for syntax highlighting and syntax folding. We also created SciTE4AutoIt3. AutoIt was originally designed to automate and configure thousands upon thousands of computers. It has evolved to be a powerful language that supports complex expressions and user functions.

Microsoft has developed Visual Basic, an object-oriented programming language. Visual Basic makes it easy and fast to create type-safe.NET applications. Visual Basic focuses on supplying more of the features of the Visual Basic Runtime (microsoft.visualbasic.dll) to .NET Core and is the first version of Visual Basic focused on .NET Core. Visual Basic Runtime relies heavily on WinForms. These will be added to a later version. .NET is an open-source platform that allows you to build many types of apps. Regardless of the type of app you are building,.NET makes your code and project files look and behave the same. Each app has the same runtime, API and language capabilities. Visual Basic programs are built from standard building blocks. A solution can be made up of one or more projects. Each project can contain one or more assemblies. Each assembly is compiled using one or more source files.

Tcl is a simple programming language. You can write Tcl programs in a matter of hours if you have ever programmed. This page will give you a brief overview of Tcl's main features. This page will give you a quick overview of the main features of Tcl. You should be able to write simple Tcl scripts by yourself. However, we recommend that your consult one or more Tcl books. Each Tcl command is composed of one or more words separated with spaces. This example shows four words: expr (20 +), 10, and 10. The name of a command is the first word, and the arguments are the words after it. Tcl commands are composed of words. However, different commands treat their arguments in a different way. The expr command treats all arguments as one arithmetic expression and returns the result as string. The expr command doesn't consider the division into words.

WebAssembly, also known as Wasm, is a binary instruction format that can be used to build a virtual machine using a stack-based architecture. Wasm is a portable compilation target for programming language, which allows deployment on the internet for client and server applications. The Wasm stack machine was designed to be encoded using a small and efficient binary format. WebAssembly is designed to run natively on a wide variety of platforms, taking advantage of common hardware capabilities. WebAssembly describes a memory safe, sandboxed execution system that can even be implemented within existing JavaScript virtual machines. WebAssembly, embedded in the web will enforce the same-origin security policies as the browser. WebAssembly was designed to be printed in a textual format. This allows for debugging and testing, optimizing, optimizing, optimizing, learning, teaching, writing programs by hand, and experimenting. This textual format is used to view the Wasm modules' source on the internet.

DataMelt, or "DMelt", is an environment for numeric computations, data analysis, data mining and computational statistics. DataMelt allows you to plot functions and data in 2D or 3D, perform statistical testing, data mining, data analysis, numeric computations and function minimization. It also solves systems of linear and differential equations. There are also options for symbolic, non-linear, and linear regression. Java API integrates neural networks and data-manipulation techniques using various data-manipulation algorithms. Support is provided for elements of symbolic computations using Octave/Matlab programming. DataMelt provides a Java platform-based computational environment. It can be used on different operating systems and programming languages. It is not limited to one programming language, unlike other statistical programs. This software combines Java, the most widely used enterprise language in the world, with the most popular data science scripting languages, Jython (Python), Groovy and JRuby.

Bash is a Unix shell and command-language that can be downloaded for free. It is the default login shell for most Linux distributions. Bash is available on Linux systems as well as Windows via the Windows Subsystem to Linux. Bash is the default user Shell in Solaris 11. It was also the default shell for Apple macOS from 10.3 to macOS Catalina. This changed the default shell to ZSH. Bash is still available on macOS systems as an alternative shell, despite this change. Bash is a command processor that allows users to enter commands into a text window and have them executed by the system. Bash can also read from and execute commands from a file. This is called a shell script. It supports many features that are common in Unix shells such as wildcard matching, piping and here documents, command substitution and variables, and control structures to condition testing and iteration. Bash conforms to the POSIX shell specifications.

Crystal's syntax is heavily inspired from Ruby's. It feels natural to read, easy to write, with the added benefit that it requires less learning curve for Ruby devs. Crystal is statically type-checked so errors in type will be caught before they reach runtime. Crystal also has type inference built-in, which means that most type annotations are unnecessary. Crystal makes all types non-nilable. The available variables are represented by a union of the type and null. The compiler will check for null references during compile time. Crystal's solution to metaprogramming is a powerful macro-system that covers everything from types inspection and basic templating to types inspection and running arbitrary programs.

AppleScript is Apple's scripting language. AppleScript allows users to control scriptable Macintosh apps, as well parts of macOS. You can create scripts and written instructions to automate repetitive tasks and combine features of multiple scriptable applications. AppleScript 2.0 supports scripts created for AppleScript versions 1.1 to 1.10.7. It also supports scripting extensions for AppleScript 1.5 and later for macOS. A scriptable application can be controlled with a script. AppleScript is able to respond to messages sent between applications, called Apple Events, when a script command targets an application. AppleScript has a limited set of commands. However, it provides a framework that you can use to plug in many other commands, such as those provided by scriptable macOS parts and scriptable applications.

Elixir is an expressive, dynamic language that allows you to create scalable and maintainable applications. Elixir uses the ErlangVM, which is known for its low latency, distributed, fault-tolerant, and fault-tolerant system. Elixir has been successfully used in web development and embedded software. It also supports data ingestion and multimedia processing across many industries. To get started with Elixir, check out our getting started guide or our learning page. All Elixir code runs within lightweight threads of execution, also known as processes. These processes are isolated and exchange information through messages. Because they are lightweight, it is possible to have hundreds of thousands or more processes running simultaneously on the same machine. Isolation allows for processes to be separated, reducing system-wide pauses and making use of all machine resources as efficiently possible (vertical scaling). The process can also communicate with other processes on the same network.