A vanilla version compiled for ARMv6 will run, yes. Those are, of course, pre-prepped images ready to dump straight to an SD card and boot. There is nothing terribly fancy going on here as Fedora and Ubuntu run on the device readily, once you toss in the firmware blob for the GPU and the driver packages (just like any other distro.)
At which point you get everything available to any common Linux platform.
Whereas with Android you get a platform that shares nothing but a kernel with the rest of the world, using a custom graphics API, custom libc, wonky filesystem, and a heavy dependency on Java. Let alone the lack of a package manager and repository to back it with.