Maybe they should specify an open VM API next time, rather than a language. The LLVM VM instruction set is open. What's the downside of that?

It's not really a scientific term. No theories depend on the definition of a galaxy.

Because the attack is quite general - it applies to any system that stores password hashes. And it's only applicable when you have the password hashes, so limiting attempts per IP isn't relevant.

In the very summary, Brad Smith claims that this tax applies to capital gains as well as dividends and other income

You're probably talking about life expectancy at birth.

Life expectancy at age 70 is 85.11 in the UK and 85.51 in the USA according to WolframAlpha

Do you have a reference for this decrease in US traffic deaths and some indication that the decrease was caused by these safety features?

I ask because I've previously read (in a book called "Risks" that I can't find on amazon) that only seat belts clearly increased safety, all the others were marginal, statistically insignificant or made things worse. Their hypothesis was that people drove more recklessly to compensate.

It's the migration that's the problem. We already have the roads whereas building rail to every house runs into the chicken-egg problem.

Also, if you end up building rail to every house, the trains or pods will still have to deal with people crossing in front of them

When they brought it to market is irrelevant. It looks like they filed this patent in 2007, which predates foursquare.

However it was filed after dodgeball. From wikipedia, dodgeball required you to text your location rather than auto-detecting it from the gps. The claims in the facebook patent specify auto-detecting your location so it doesn't sound like dodgeball is prior art.

Was there something prior to 2007 that was already doing this? Maybe brightkite or loopt?

I migrated all my old personal emails to gmail using IMAP. You can use this to migrate between different on-disk formats like maildir, mbox and pst. I had all my email in yahoo and pulled it down using POP to a maildir, then used an IMAP mail client to copy it across to gmail. Then I regularly back them up from gmail to an on-disk maildir format using mbsync. I picked maildir because it's open and seemed better designed than the alternative, mbox. It's not completely standardized though. I've seen PSTs become corrupt so I try and stay away.

I would aim for the non-rotating parts