At least the US economy has some cool nerds to hire. The UK requires students to specialise at 14-16, and the result is whole classes of computing students who have not a clue about how their work will be applied, particularly in science and engineering.

If the manager's first job is to facilitate the work of her programmers, then, yes, she should stay if it makes a contribution.

I tried to solve this problem using approximation techniques and found it failed to converge and instead showed chaotic dynamics. Genetic algorithm techniques did converge, but not to a global solution. The paper was published about 15 years ago in a collection of social systems modelling studies.

Nasty problem...

Most young professionals work on a masters part-time. A good employer will pay the fees.

They are. Or at least they were when I was involved in FAA security. Consider the agenda of the source of the report.

These technologies were developed about 30 years for the US Government (Multics). See Karger and Schell. Pity that patent trolls can't be sued for misusing the patent system.

When I was working on similar systems in America, we estimated (in our internal risk analyses) that information in a local police database accessible to the average user could be acquired by unauthorised outside users for about $1000. The corresponding figure for a national police agency database was about $10,000. If the information was more valuable than that, additional safeguards were needed. The UK Government proposal is basically flying in the face of that.