1) I agree that the purpose of the amendment is to establish a right. I'm disputing that the text itself does that explicitly. It doesn't state "the people have the right to bear arms". Literally, it only states that this already existing right can't be infringed (which to me seems superfluous, as I thought this was the de-facto understanding of a right).
This is the same difference as between "the dragons on the moon cannot be eaten" vs "there are dragons on the moon". The first doesn't explicitly imply the second.
2) Yes, my bad, it says conferred, and my example was poor, and I should have been assuming #1 for this reply.
4) I just assumed property was in there somewhere, after all the original quote sourced for your Declaration of Independence was Life, Liberty and Property IIRC, from John Locke. Property is frequently stated as a natural right.
As for not doing any harm, I'm pretty sure I'm not allowed to keep a nuke even if I don't cause any harm. And any claim about unplanned harm applies, albeit at a lesser level, to guns, even knives.
Although this enforcement of this right is a different question from the definition of this right. Just because you're not allowed to keep nukes under conventional law doesn't directly mean that you don't have this right under your constitution.
Also, looking at the Wikipedia 2nd amendment cases, it appears SCOTUS has frequently not seen things your way.