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Submission + - Human Exploration of Planets cheaper than sending Robots (arxiv.org)

buchner.johannes writes: Putting humans on Mars will get you more bang for the buck, according to a new analysis by the Director of the UCL/Birkbeck Centre for Planetary Science and Astrobiology. Humans are simply better at complex tasks like drilling, while robots have a difficult time just navigating through the rugged terrain, and can thus cover less ground. Small, autonomous, cheap and very intelligent rovers have thus not become a reality — instead the size (and cost) of robots has steadily increased, contrary to Moore-law-like predictions. The autonomous navigation is a hard problem that is not easily solved technically. The article compares the cost of the Apollo missions and the Mars Science Laboratory in detail to illustrate the comparison of human vs. robotic exploration programs. The original article (PDF) also notes that human space-flight benefits from non-scientific motivations, which can further increase the available budget.

Comment Re:Wrong, IMHO (Score 1) 96

There are 2 competing theories for the beginnings of the Universe.

There are many more theories (read: thousands) for the expansion of the Universe since the last scattering (CMB) (the topic of your post), and hundreds for the origin of the early universe (mostly inflation, but also others). Another hundred theories for what Dark Energy is (the most recent expansion).
If you only hear people talking about one theory, you are probably in the wrong room.

Comment Re:Are GMOs safe (Score 1) 514

The surveys found broad support for government to spend money on science, but that doesn't mean the public supports the conclusions that scientists draw.

If I understand the report correctly, they sampled "scientists", but not scientists actually working in the field. E.g. the fraction of scientists working on climate who attribute climate change to human activities is around 99% (IIRC), not below 90%. So all they did is compare a group with average education levels to a group with very high education levels (measured in obtained degrees). Not sure that tells us much. The sentence "that doesn't mean the public supports the conclusions that scientists draw" at least does not follow.

Some are things like having your food produce poison (insecticide). I'm not sure how my food containing more poison is more safe.

Probably for the same reason you use WiFi. You think there is a level of poison that is safe (Paracelsus says hi), whereas someone uninformed may think even a single molecule / ray is the devil.

Regarding your other misconceptions:

I'm not sure how my food containing more poison is more safe. Have the scientists actually studied it, or are they just assuming it's safe because other scientists made it?

There is a reason insecticides are put in: to combat insects, as the name suggests. Which can affect your food in a negative way. It's a trade-off with a benefit. Otherwise go for organic food, which uses other solutions (typically more manpower).
The study of the effects of toxins is a serious topic. There are safety standards for virtually every chemical -- ask your consumer protection agency. Typically the limits are derived from medical studies.

Comment Re:pretty much expected. (Score 2) 46

IT security is about tradeoffs.

Not true, you can have worse security without gaining anything. So you can also increase security without loosing any comfort. You are setting up a false premise that more security always requires a sacrifice. What we really need instead is a measure of achieved security, to rid ourselves of unnecessary, security-theatre-based sacrifices both in terms of privacy and money.

Comment Re:Mod Parent Up (Score 5, Insightful) 302

Here's my website. I invite anybody to look at the source code, and compare it against your run-of-the-mill WordPress website.

It doesn't do comments on blog posts, it does not have an interface to post new blog entries, it does not keep track of which articles have been viewed. You might as well generate your pages from templates and serve them statically, 0 lines of python needed on the webserver.

Comment Re:Choose a CMS you like (Score 4, Informative) 302

I know all the php/wordpress snobs on /. will dismiss this and laugh but personally if i'm building a site for someone (usually for no money and limited time) I just install wordpress, 'secure it',

I dismiss this and laugh because you think you can secure WordPress.

If you're using WordPress for clients, you better budget in the time you/they will spend upgrading WordPress to fix its latest security vulnerabilities.

Actually you can upgrade Wordpress with the click of a button on the Admin panel. You can even delegate that to your users. Or have Wordpress.com host you. Yes, there are more secure frameworks (your hand-made one is not among them), but few that receive as much auditing as the widely deployed Wordpress.

Building websites based on Wordpress is super-easy, there are extensions for everything, and you can let other people design and integrate the layout/template. Also, other people can take over what you leave behind.
Your other options are things like Drupal or Joomla!, but they take significantly more effort to adapt and hack.

Comment Re:ok. i'll play. "my experience is... (Score 1) 39

enduring complaints concerning crypto-currency." yeah, i bought BitCoin back in the day. sold it soon, too. made a little coin. kinda like betting in Vegas. for the lulz.

I suspect that there is an enormous selection bias in that people who made a lot of money with BitCoin are featured in (online) newspapers, those who made a little money comment in discussions and the other 80% who lost a little or a lot of money do not comment.

Also, many people invest a lot in hardware to mine BitCoins (and other Coins), which is where their profits go entirely. That seems like a hamster wheel to me. Those people like the experience of learning about hardware and crypto-currencies. Then again, some people like running in hamster wheels too for fitness, so I think the comparison is not off by much.

Comment Re:ok. i'll play. "my experience is... (Score 5, Insightful) 39

"Are you up to loaning bitcoin or something less popular for 10 years?" Confidence in any given currency can be tested with the terms current holders are willing to accept to make loans payable in that same currency. (On the other hand, if large companies will accept it in payment, they've probably got an idea that a given currency will be around next month or next year.)

That does not follow. A large company can accept Bitcoins and convert immediately to their local currency. That does not require faith in a long-term forecast.

Comment Re:They already have (Score 5, Informative) 667

Sadly not true. The fashion for some scientists to make names for themselves by producing misleading headlines for their supposed evidence has yet to fizzle.

Was 2014 the warmest it has ever been globally? No.

The satellite records (either one) show no special warmth for 2014 and the BEST record shows no statistical significance to the claim that 2014 was the hottest. Why? Because the tiny increase was well within the error bars of the mean temperature statistic

(The report can be found at http://static.berkeleyearth.or...)

Your argument is misleading. It is true that the question "which was the hottest year since recording in 1860?" Has three possible answers within the uncertainties, 2014, 2010 and 2005. But to the question "which was the hottest decade since recording in 1860?" has a clear answer: the last one. Of course there will be year-to-year fluctuations. But to look at the plot on page 3 and say "oh global warming has stopped just now" is wishful thinking. Also look at the "Ocean Surface Averages", page 5.

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